Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Ophthalmology

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of the Thicknesses of Macula, Retinal Nerve Fiber and, Ganglion Cell Complex in COVID-19 Patients Who Develop Anosmia or Ageusia: Cross-Sectional Study
Tat veya Koku Kaybı Gelişen COVID-19 Hastalarında Makula, Retina Sinir Lifi ve Ganglion Hücre Kompleksi Kalınlıklarının Değerlendirilmesi: Kesitsel Çalışma
Okşan ALPOĞANa, Esra TÜRKSEVEN KUMRALa, Cemile ANIL ASLANa
aDepartment of Ophthalmology, University of Health Sciences Haydarpaşa Numune Training and Research Hospital, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 2023;32(1):15-20
doi: 10.5336/ophthal.2022-91360
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: To evaluate whether the presence of anosmia or ageusia associates with the thicknesses of the macula, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and ganglion cell complex (GCC) in patients diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) who had fully recovered. Material and Methods: This study was conducted on 123 eyes of 123 participants. Only the right eyes of all subjects were included in the study. Group 1 consisted of 35 eyes of 35 patients with anosmia or ageusia who had recovered from COVID-19 and Group 2 consisted of 31 eyes of 31 patients without anosmia or ageusia who had recovered from COVID-19. Group 3 consisted of 57 eyes of 57 healthy subjects who were age matched with the study groups. The macula, pRNFL, and GCC thicknesses measured by optical coherence tomography were recorded and compared between groups. One-Way ANOVA test and Independent sample t-test were used to compare examinations between all groups. Results: Inferior pRNFL and average and inferior GCC values in Group 1 were significantly higher than Group 3 (p=0.001, p=0.044, p=0.017, respectively). There was no difference in macula thickness between all groups. Conclusion: In this study, we found that the GCC and pRNFL thicknesses in patients with anosmia or ageusia who had recovered from COVID-19 were significantly higher than those of healthy individuals. Anosmia or ageusia symptoms may be associated with increased pRNFL and GCC thickness in COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: Anosmia or ageusia; COVID-19; retina; retinal nerve fiber layer; ganglion cell complex
ÖZET
 Amaç: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] tanısı konmuş ve tamamen iyileşmiş hastalarda tat veya koku kaybı varlığının makula, peripapiller retina sinir lifi tabakası (pRSLT) ve ganglion hücre kompleksi (GHK) kalınlıkları ile ilişkili olup olmadığını değerlendirmek. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, 123 katılımcının 123 gözü üzerinde yapılmıştır. Tüm deneklerin sadece sağ gözleri çalışmaya dâhil edildi. Grup 1, COVID-19'dan iyileşen, tat veya koku kayıplı 35 hastanın 35 gözünden ve Grup 2, COVID-19'dan iyileşen ve tat veya koku kayıpsız 31 hastanın 31 gözünden oluşuyordu. Grup 3, yaşları çalışma gruplarıyla eşleştirilmiş 57 sağlıklı bireyin 57 gözünden oluşturuldu. Optik koherens tomografi ile ölçülen makula, pRSLT ve GHK kalınlıkları kaydedildi ve gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Tüm gruplar arasındaki muayeneleri karşılaştırmak için tek yönlü ANOVA testi ve bağımsız örneklem t-testi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Grup 1'de alt pRSLT, ortalama ve alt GHK değerleri Grup 3'ten anlamlı derecede yüksekti (sırasıyla p=0,001, p=0,044, p=0,017). Tüm gruplar arasında makula kalınlığında fark yoktu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada, COVID-19'dan iyileşen, tat veya koku kaybı olan hastalarda GHK ve pRSLT kalınlıklarının sağlıklı bireylere göre anlamlı derecede yüksek olduğunu bulduk. Tat veya koku kaybı semptomları, COVID-19 hastalarında artmış pRSLT ve GHK kalınlığı ile ilişkili olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tat veya koku kaybı; COVID-19; retina; retina sinir lifi tabakası; ganglion hücre kompleksi
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