Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of Nutrition Related Risk Factors of Pressure Ulcers in the Home Care Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Evde Sağlık Hizmeti Alan Hastalarda Bası Yaralarının Beslenme ile İlişkili Risk Faktörlerinin Değerlendirilmesi:Retrospektif Kohort Bir Çalışma
Canan EMİROĞLUa, Süleyman GÖRPELİOĞLUa , Pervin DEMİRb , Cenk AYPAKa
aDepartment of Family Medicine, University of Health Sciences Ankara Dışkapı Yıldırım Beyazıt Health Application and Research Center, Ankara, Türkiye
bDepartment of Bioistatics, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(4):653-9
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2022-94178
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Pressure ulcers (PU) continue to be a common health problem, particularly among the physically disabled or bedridden patients who are followed either at home or in palliative care units. This study aimed to identify patient characteristics and to determine the nutrition related risk factors leading to PU in patients receiving home health care and to determine why PU occurred only in some, but not all, patients with similar health problems. Material and Methods: Medical records of 229 patients, who were under follow-up at the homecare unit between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2019, were retrospectively evaluated. Patient demographics, comorbid conditions, laboratory data, and data regarding the nutritional status of the patients were collected and compared to determine the risk factors for PUs. Mini nutritional assessment was performed to diagnose or exclude malnutrition using the mini-nutritional assessment-short form (MNASF). Results: Initial and last laboratory values and nutritional status of patients who did not have PUs during this time (n=207) were compared with those who have had PUs (n=22). The patients who developed PUs had significantly lower serum albumin, worser nutritional scores and mobility status than those without PUs. Conclusion: Mobility status, serum albumin level, and nutritional status affect PUs development among home care patients. The fact that all elderly bedridden patients did not develop PUs suggests that adequate protein intake can prevent or delay their development.

Keywords: Pressure ulcer; malnutrition; aged; immobilization; home care services
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bası ülserleri (BÜ), evde sağlık birimlerince ya da palyatif bakım servislerinde takip edilmekte olan, fiziksel olarak sınırlı veya yatağa tamamen bağımlı yaşlılar arasında yaygın bir sağlık sorunu olmaya devam etmektedir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız, BÜ'nün oluşumunda, hastalara ait özellikleri ve beslenme ile ilgili risk faktörlerini değerlendirmek, BÜ'nün benzer sağlık sorunlarına sahip olmalarına rağmen neden tüm hastalarda ortaya çıkmadığını incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Evde sağlık biriminde 1 Ocak 2016 ve 31 Aralık 2019 arasında takip edilmekte olan 229 hastanın kayıt altındaki dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelenmiş, hastaların demografik bilgileri, eşlik eden kronik hastalıkları, bazı laboratuvar sonuçları ve beslenme durumları ile ilgili veriler toplanmış, değerlendirilmiş ve BÜ'nün oluşmasına etki ettiği düşünülen risk faktörleri karşılaştırılmıştır. Beslenme durumlarını değerlendirmek ve malnütrisyonu dışlamak amacıyla ''Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF)'' kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: BÜ (n=22) olan ve BÜ (n=207) olmayan hastaların ilk ve son laboratuvar sonuçları ve beslenme durumları karşılaştırılmıştır. BÜ oluşan hastaların serum albumin düzeyleri ve beslenme skorları BÜ olmayanlara göre anlamlı şekilde daha düşüktür ve hareket edebilme açısından da daha yetersizdir. Sonuç: Hareketlilik durumu, serum albumin düzeyi ve beslenme durumları evde sağlık hastaları arasında BÜ'nün oluşmasına etki etmektedir. Tüm yaşlı ve yatağa bağımlı hastalarda BÜ gelişmemiş olduğu gerçeği, yeterli protein alımının, bunun oluşmasını engellediğini veya geciktirdiğini düşündürmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bası ülser; malnütrisyon; yaşlı; immobilizasyon; evde bakım hizmetleri
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