Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of Maternal and Child Health by Country Income Groups: A Descriptive Study
Ülke Gelir Gruplarına Göre Anne ve Çocuk Sağlığının Değerlendirilmesi: Tanımlayıcı Bir Çalışma
Gökçen ÖZLERa, Kübra SÜTCÜb, Burak TEKEREKc
aDepartment of Health Management, Ankara University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
bDepartment of Health Management, Uşak University Faculty of Health Sciences, Uşak, Türkiye
cDepartment of Health Management, Yüksek İhtisas University Faculty of Health Sciences, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(1):112-22
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2022-91808
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The economic situation of countries is one of the important determinants of health. The aim of this study is to evaluate the socioeconomic inequalities in maternal and child health using the indicators of maternal and child health of countries by World Bank's income classification. Material and Methods: In the research, 166 countries were included. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics (Ver. 20). The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to analyze whether variables about maternal and child health differ according to country income groups. The significance level was accepted as p<0.05. Mann-Whitney U test was used to understand from which groups the difference originated. Results: As a result of this study, it was determined that maternal and child health variables differed statistically significantly between country groups according to the World Bank income classification. Conclusion: Using the World Bank's income classification, this study highlights socioeconomic inequalities in maternal and child health. Although very serious risks in maternal and child health are not observed in high-income and upper-middle-income countries, there remain problems, particularly in low-income and lower-middleincome countries. The results show that children in low-income countries have more limited access to important health interventions such as vaccines and medical care. Eliminating inequalities in maternal and child health should be seen as a necessity for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. Global cooperation is considered necessary to reduce socioeconomic inequalities in maternal and child health. International organizations are expected to support these countries with seriously aid.

Keywords: Child health; maternal health services; health services accessibility
ÖZET
 Amaç: Ülkelerin ekonomik durumu, sağlığın önemli belirleyicilerinden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, ülkelerin anne ve çocuk sağlığı göstergelerini kullanarak anne ve çocuk sağlığındaki sosyoekonomik eşitsizlikleri Dünya Bankasının gelir sınıflandırmasına göre değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmaya 166 ülke dâhil edilmiştir. Veriler, IBM SPSS Statistics (Sürüm 20) kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Anne ve çocuk sağlığına ilişkin değişkenlerin ülke gelir gruplarına göre farklılık gösterip göstermediğini incelemek için Kruskal- Wallis H testi kullanılmıştır. Anlamlılık düzeyi p<0,05 olarak kabul edilmiştir. Farklılığın hangi gruplardan kaynaklandığını anlamak için Mann-Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bu araştırma sonucunda anne ve çocuk sağlığı değişkenlerinin Dünya Bankası gelir sınıflandırmasına göre ülke grupları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde farklılık gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Dünya Bankasının gelir sınıflandırmasını kullanan bu araştırma, anne ve çocuk sağlığındaki sosyoekonomik eşitsizlikleri vurgulamaktadır. Anne ve çocuk sağlığı konusunda yüksek gelirli ve üst-orta gelirli ülkelerde çok ciddi riskler görülmemekle birlikte özellikle düşük gelirli ve alt-orta-gelirli ülkelerde sorunlar devam etmektedir. Sonuçlar düşük gelirli ülkelerdeki çocukların aşılar ve tıbbi bakım gibi önemli sağlık müdahalelerine daha sınırlı erişimi olduğunu göstermektedir. Anne ve çocuk sağlığındaki eşitsizliklerin ortadan kaldırılması, Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Hedefleri'ne ulaşmak için bir gereklilik olarak görülmelidir. Anne ve çocuk sağlığında sosyoekonomik eşitsizliklerin azaltılması için küresel iş birliğinin gerekli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Uluslararası kuruluşların bu ülkelere ciddi yardımlarda bulunmaları beklenmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Çocuk sağlığı; ana sağlığı hizmetleri; sağlık hizmetlerine ulaşılabilirlik
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