Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Dental Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Evaluation of Cytotoxic Effect on Modified Glass Ionomer Cement with Calcium Carbonate: An in vitro Study
Kalsiyum Karbonat ile Modifiye Edilmiş Cam İyonomer Simanın Sitotoksisitesinin İncelenmesi: Bir in vitro Çalışma
Mehmet ÜNALa , Burcu GÜÇYETMEZ TOPALa , Ömer HAZMANb
aAfyonkarahisar University of Health Sciences Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Pedodontics, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
bAfyon Kocatepe University Faculty of Science and Literature, Department of Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Dental Sci. 2024;30(2):219-25
doi: 10.5336/dentalsci.2023-99038
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Glass ionomers, commonly used as base materials, are also employed as restorative materials after modifications are made to their content. By altering their physical properties through additives, attempts have been made to impart antibacterial characteristics. This study aimed to assess the cytotoxic effects resulting from the addition of calcium carbonate (marble powder) to conventional glass ionomer luting cement on gingival fibroblast cells. Material and Methods: Conventional glass ionomer cement (Ionofil U, VOCO, Germany) was used in this study. The specimens were divided into three groups: Group A-Glass ionomer without marble particles (control). Group B-Glass ionomer with 5% wt. Calcium Carbonate (marble particles) added to the powder component. Group C-Glass ionomer with 10% wt. Calcium carbonate (marble particles) added to the powder component. Prepared samples were kept in medium for 24 hours. The cytotoxicity levels of the biomaterials used in the study were determined using the MTT (3-4.5-dimethyl-thiazolyl-2.5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method on gingival fibroblast cell. Statistical evaluation was performed using one-way analysis of variance and post hoc Duncan test (p<0.05). Results: Biomaterials other than those in Group A, when applied to fibroblast cells, did not exhibit cytotoxicity; instead, they stimulated fibroblast cell proliferation. Group A reduced fibroblast cell viability rates at concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25%. Conclusion: Marble powder enhanced glass ionomers showed potential for clinical applications as samples did not show cytotoxic effects. Further physical tests are needed to assess the clinical suitability of the materials.

Keywords: Glass ionomer cement; cytotoxicity; fibroblast cells; marble powder; calcium carbonate
ÖZET
 Amaç: Cam iyonomer simanlar, başlangıçta kaide materyali olarak kullanılmakla birlikte içeriklerinde yapılan modifikasyonlarla restoratif dolgu materyali olarak da yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Bu modifikasyonlar sayesinde, simanın fiziksel özelliklerini değiştirme amacının yanı sıra antibakteriyel özellikler de kazandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada, geleneksel cam iyonomer simanın içerisine kalsiyum karbonat (mermer tozu) eklenmesinin, gingival fibroblast hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksisite etkisinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlamaktadır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma kapsamında, VOCO (Almanya) tarafından üretilen geleneksel cam iyonomer siman (Ionofil U) kullanılmıştır. Örnekler 3 gruba ayrılmıştır: Grup A-Herhangi bir partikül içermeyen cam iyonomer siman (kontrol grubu). Grup B-Toz bileşenine ağırlıkça %5 kalsiyum karbonat (mermer partikülü) eklenmiş cam iyonomer siman. Grup C-Toz bileşenine ağırlıkça %10 kalsiyum karbonat (mermer partikülü) eklenmiş cam iyonomer siman. Hazırlanan örnekler 24 saat besi yerinde bekletilmiştir. Kullanılan biyomateryallerin sitotoksisite düzeyleri MTT (3-4,5-dimetil-tiyazolil-2,5-difeniltetrazolyum bromür) yöntemi ile belirlenmiştir. İstatistiksel değerlendirmesi tek yönlü varyans analizi ve Duncan Post testleri ile yapılmıştır (p<0,05). Bulgular: Kontrol grubu (Grup A) dışındaki gruplarda fibroblast hücrelere uygulanan biyomateryallerin sitotoksik etkisi gözlenmemiştir; aksine, hücre üremesi teşvik edilmiştir. Kontrol grubunda ise fibroblast hücrelerinde canlılık oranlarında %100, %50 ve %25 konsantrasyonlarda azalma görülmüştür. Sonuç: Mermer tozu ile güçlendirilmiş cam iyonomer simanlar, testlerde sitotoksik etki göstermediğinden dolayı gelecekte klinik uygulamalar için potansiyele sahip olabilir. Malzemelerin klinik uygunluğunu değerlendirmek için ise daha ileri fiziksel testlere ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Cam iyonomer siman; sitotoksisite; fibroblast hücresi; mermer tozu; kalsiyum karbonat
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