Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Epistaxis and Its Clinical Reflection Among Dogs: 34 Cases Recorded Between 2007-2017
Epistaksis ve Köpeklerdeki Klinik Yansımaları: 2007-2017 Arasında Kaydedilmiş 34 Vaka
Serdar PAŞAa, Kerem URALa, Mehmet GÜLTEKİNa, Hasan ERDOĞANa, Songül ERDOĞANa
aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Aydın, TURKEY
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2021;12(1):1-6
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2020-79643
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Epistaxis is a relatively remarkable clinical symptom in dogs that should be included in the differential diagnoses of diseases. Material and Methods: The present author's interest in this subject arose following receipt of several cases within the last 10 years. The purpose of the present article was to evaluate 34 dogs with epistaxis retrospectively. Results: There was bilateral (n=13) or unilateral (n=21) epistaxis, in which chronicity was evident in 13 dogs. Etiology deemed infectious (n=28), non-infectious (n=5) and unknown origin (n=1) causes. The infectious causes involved 13 cases with canine visceral leishmaniasis and other 9 with canine monocytic ehrlichiosis, followed by 6 co-infected dogs. Activated partial thromboplastin time was significantly (p<0.001) prolonged in coinfected groups. Regarding mean prothrombin time, a statistically important prolongation (p<0.001) was evident among leishmaniasis within other groups. Mean FIB values deemed elevated among all infected groups in contrast to healthy ones (p<0.001). Mean platelet values were decreased in E. canis mono and co-infected groups (p<0.001). Non-infectious diseases consisted of firearm injury (n=2), nasal malignant melanoma (n=1), lymphoma (n=1) and autoimmune hemolytic anemia (n=1). Conclusion: Taking into account review of this case series, it might be suggested that epistaxis should be on the list of clinical signs for infectious and non-infectious causes, which should be promptly treated based on probable tests and relevant findings.

Keywords: Coagulation; dog; epistaxis; vector-borne disease
ÖZET
 Amaç: Epistaksis, köpeklerde hastalıkların ayırıcı tanısında yer alması gereken nispeten dikkat çekici bir semptomdur. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Mevcut yazarların bu konuya ilgisi, çalışmanın amacını da içeren son 10 yıl içerisinde karşılaşılan çeşitli vakalar arasından 34 epistaksisli köpeğin değerlendirilmesi ile ortaya çıkmıştır. Bulgular: Mevcut olan iki taraflı (n=13) ya da tek taraflı (n=21) epistaksisli vakaların 13'ünde, kronik gelişim söz konusuydu. Enfeksiyöz (n=28), nonenfeksiyöz (n=5) ve sebebi bilinmeyen (n=1) etiyolojik faktörler ile karşılaşıldı. Enfeksiyöz nedenler arasında, 13 vakada kanin viseral layşmanyazis ve 9'unda kanin monositik erlişyoz teşhis edilmişken; bunların 6'sında koenfeksiyon belirlendi. Koenfekte grupta aktive edilmiş kısmi tromboplastin süresinin anlamlı şekilde uzadığı (p<0,001), ortalama protrombin zamanı değerinde ise diğer gruplara göre layşmanyazis ile enfekte olanlarda, istatistiksel olarak önemli uzama meydana geldiği görüldü (p<0,001). Sağlıklılara göre ortalama FIB değerleri, tüm enfekte gruplar arasında yüksek bulundu (p<0,001). Ortalama trombosit değerlerinin, Ehrlichia canis ile mono ve koenfekte gruplarda azaldığı görüldü (p<0,001). Non-enfeksiyöz hastalıklar arasında ateşli silah yaralanması (n=2), nazal malign melanom (n=1), lenfoma (n=1) ve otoimmün hemolitik anemi (n=1) yer almaktaydı. Sonuç: Birçok vakanın değerlendirilmesi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda epistaksisin, olası testler ve ilgili klinik bulgulara dayanan sağaltımının yer alması gereken enfeksiyöz ve non-enfeksiyöz nedenler için klinik bulgular arasında yer alması önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Koagülasyon; köpek; epistaksis; vektör kökenli hastalıklar
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