Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Enerji İçeceklerinde Yüksek Risk: Kafein
High Risk in Energy Drinks: Caffeine
İsmail Ethem GÖRENa, Nebile DAĞLIOĞLUa,b
aAdli Tıp AD, Çukurova Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi,
bÇukurova Üniversitesi Bağımlılık ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Adana, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2019;16(2):98-103
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2018-63828
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Enerji içecekleri, gençler arasında yoğun olarak kullanılmakta ve satış tekniklerinin etkisi ile tüketimi giderek daha da yaygınlaşmaktadır. İçeriğinde, başta kafein olmak üzere çeşitli vitaminler ve karbonhidratlar farklı oranlarda bulunmaktadır. Enerji içecekleri, kafeinin uyarıcı etkisi sebebiyle zihinsel ve mental yararlar sağlamak amacıyla tüketilmektedir. Enerji içeceği tüketimi; uyku bozukluğu, akut psikoz, epileptik atak, alkol ve uyuşturucu bağımlığı gibi birçok olumsuz sonuçla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bu içecekler, geleneksel kafeinli içeceklere (çay, kahve vs.) ve diğer kafeinli içeceklere (kola vb.) göre beş kat daha fazla kafein içerebilmektedirler. Bu çalışmada, bölgemizdeki farklı marketlerden temin edilen farklı markalardaki enerji içecekleri analiz edilerek içeriğindeki kafein miktarları belirlenmiştir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Adana'da süpermarketlerde satışı yapılan üç farklı markada 16 enerji içeceği seçilerek, Marka-1, Marka-2, Marka-3 olarak etiketlenmiştir. Numunelere, katı faz ekstraksiyonu uygulanarak likit kromatografi- tandem kütle spektrometre cihazı ile kafein miktarları belirlenmiştir. Bulgular: İçeceklerdeki kafein konsantrasyonları 86,7-272 mg/L aralığında bulunmuştur. Sonuç: Enerji içeceklerindeki kafein psikoaktif bir maddedir ve toksisitesi erişkinlerde 400 mg/gün, yaş aralığı 12-18 yıl olan adölesanlarda 100 mg/gün, 12 yaş altında ise 2,5 mg/kg/gün olarak bildirilmiştir. Günde 200 mg'dan fazla kafein alınması durumunda toksik etkiler belirginleşebilmektedir. Çalışma sonucunda incelenen 16 enerji içeceğinden 13'ündeki kafein konsantrasyonunun Türk Gıda Kodeksi'ne göre kabul edilebilir sınırın (150 mg/L) üzerinde olduğu saptanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Enerji içecekleri; kafein; adli toksikoloji; halk sağlığı
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Energy drinks are used extensively among young people and are becoming more widespread with the effect of sales techniques. It contains various amounts of vitamins and carbohydrates, mainly caffeine. Energy drinks are consumed to provide mental and mental benefits due to the stimulating effect of caffeine. Energy drink consumption has been associated with many negative consequences such as sleep disorder, acute psychosis, epileptic attack, alcohol and drug addiction. These beverages can contain up to five times more caffeine than traditional caffeinated beverages (tea, coffee, etc.) and other caffeinated beverages (coke, etc.). In this study, it was analyzed the amount of caffeine in the energy drinks of different brands in our region. Material and Methods: Sixteen energy drinks were selected in three different brands sold in supermarkets in Adana and Brand-1, Brand-2, Brand-3 were labeled. Quantitative caffeine analysis was performed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer device following applying solid phase extraction. Results: Caffeine concentrations in the energy drinks ranging from 86.7 to 272 mg/L were determined. Conclusion: Caffeine in energy drinks is a psychoactive substance and its toxicity has been reported to be 400 mg/day in adults, 100 mg/day in adolescents aged 12-18, and 2.5 mg/kg/day under 12 years of age. If more than 200 mg of caffeine is taken per day, toxic effects may be evident. As a result of the study, it was determined that the caffeine concentration in 13 of the 16 energy drinks examined was above the acceptable limit (150 mg/L) according to the Turkish Food Codex.

Keywords: Energy drinks; caffeine; forensic toxicology; public health
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