Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Veterinary Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Elazığ'da 20 Baş ve Üzeri Kapasiteli Süt İneği İşletmelerinde Kullanılan Yemlerin Araştırılması
Investigation of Feed Used in Dairy Cow Farms with 20 Heads and More Over Capacity in Elazığ
İbrahim Halil ÇERÇİa, Ahmet MAMAKb, Fatma TERLEMEZc
aHatay Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları ABD, Hatay, TÜRKİYE
bT.C. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı Su Ürünleri Araştırma Enstitüsü, Isparta, TÜRKİYE
cBingöl Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, Hayvan Besleme ve Beslenme Hastalıkları ABD, Bingöl, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Vet Sci. 2020;11(1):9-17
doi: 10.5336/vetsci.2019-72529
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, Elazığ'da 20 baş ve daha fazla süt ineğine sahip olan işletmelerde kullanılan yemlerin bazı özelliklerinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Elazığ Damızlık Sığır Yetiştiricileri Birliği kayıtlarında Elazığ'da 20 baş ve üzeri süt ineğine sahip toplam işletme sayısı 60 adettir. Altmış işletmenin tamamıyla iletişime geçilmiş ve 40 işletme yüz yüze görüşmeyi kabul etmiştir. Bu hacim ise %10 hata payı ile minimal örnek hacmi belirleme yönteminde belirlenen hacmin üzerindedir. Ziyaret edilen işletmelerde süt ineklerinin yem ve beslemesinden sorumlu kişilerle yüz yüze görüşülmüştür. Bu görüşmelerde hayvanlara verilen yemlere ilişkin bilgiler toplanmış, yem örnekleri alınmış, kimyasal ve fiziksel analizler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Yaz aylarında rasyona işletmelerin %95'inde saman, %72,5'inde yonca kuru otu, %27,5'inde fiğ kuru otu, %35'inde mısır silajı, %75'inde fabrika karma (süt) yemi, %75'inde kırılmış veya ezilmiş arpa ve buğday, %60,00'ında kepek katılmıştır. Kış aylarında ise yaz aylarına göre saman kullanımında bir değişiklik olmamıştır. Yonca kuru otu ve fiğ kuru otu kullanan işletme oranı düşmüştür. Mısır silajı, fabrika karma (süt) yemi, arpa ve kepek kullanan işletme sayısı artmıştır. Rasyonlara yemlerin en az ve en çok katılma oranlarında en fazla dalgalanmayı yonca (%6,41-59,31) ve saman (%8,91-53,90) göstermiştir. İşletmelerde en fazla kullanılan kaba yemlerin parçacık boyutları samanlarda >0,5-<0,3 cm arasında, silajlarda >1 ve >0,5 cm, yonca ve fiğ kuru otlarında ise >5 cm olarak toplanmıştır. Fabrika karma (süt) yemlerinin laboratuvar analiz sonuçları ile etiket bilgileri arasında istatistiksel olarak önemli bir fark tespit edilmemiştir (p>0,05). Sonuç: Süt ineği işletmelerinde, samanın yanında yonca, fiğ, mısır silajı ve fabrika karma yeminin yaygın olarak kullanıldığı saptanmıştır. Elazığ süt ineği işletmelerinde süt ineklerine verilen yemlerin fiziksel formlarının uygun olduğu söylenebilir. Ayrıca çalışma sonuçlarına göre fabrika karma yemlerindeki etiket bilgilerinin genellikle güvenilir olduğu, bu verilerin süt ineği beslemesinde rahatlıkla kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Fiziksel form; rasyon; süt ineği; yem
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In this study, it was aimed to investigate some properties of feeds used in establishments with 20 heads and more dairy cattle in Elazığ. Material and Methods: In the records of the Elazığ Breeding Cattle Breeders Association, the total number of establishments with 20 heads and more over dairy cows in Elazığ is 60. All sixty enterprises were contacted and 40 enterprises agreed to face to face. This volume is above the volume determined in the method of determining the minimum sample volume with 10% error margin. They were interviewed with the individuals responsible for the feeds and nutrition of dairy cows face-to-face in the visited establishments. In these interviews, information about feeds given to animals was collected, feed samples were taken and chemical and physical analyzes were made. Results: In the summer straw in 95%, dry alfalfa in 72.5%, dry vetch in 27.5%, corn silage in 35%, factory mixed (milk) feed in 75%, broken or crushed barley and wheat in 75%, bran in 60.00% of farms participated in the ration. In the winter months, there was no change in the use of straw a comparing to the summer months. The rate of operation using dry alfalfa and dry vetch decreased. The number of farms using corn silage, factory mixed (milk) feeds, barley and bran increased. Alfalfa (6.41-59.31%) and straw (8.91-53.90%) showed the highest fluctuation in the minimum and maximum addition rates of the feeds to rations. Particle sizes of the most commonly used roughages were >0.5 -<0.3 cm in straw, >1 and >0.5 cm in silage and >5 cm in dry alfalfa and dry vetch. There was not detected statistically significant difference between the laboratory analysis results of the factory mixed feeds and the label information (p>0.05). Conclusion: As a result, it was found that alfalfa, vetch, corn silage and factory mixed feed were widely used in dairy cow farms besides straw. It can be said that the physical forms of the feeds given to dairy cows in Elazığ dairy farms are suitable. In addition, according to the results of the study, it is thought that the label information in the factory mixed feeds are reliable and these data can be easily used in dairy cow feeding.

Keywords: Physical form; ration; dairy cow; feed
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