Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Effect on Nurses' Care Behaviors of Burnout at the COVID-19 Pandemic: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study
COVID-19 Pandemisinde Tükenmişliğin Hemşirelerin Bakım Davranışları Üzerine Etkisi: Tanımlayıcı Kesitsel Araştırma
Şenay TAKMAKa , Sümeyye ARSLANb , Fatma YURTSEVENc
aDepartment of Nursing, Kütahya University of Health Sciences Faculty of Health Sciences, Kütahya, Türkiye
bDepartment of Nursing, Pamukkale University Faculty of Health Sciences, Denizli, Türkiye
cClinic of Gastroenterology Surgery, Denizli State Hospital, Denizli, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2023;15(4):1067-76
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-96445
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was to determine the burnout levels and care behaviors of nurses during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic and to evaluate the effects of nurses' sociodemographic characteristics, pandemic process, and burnout on care behaviors. Material and Methods: The study was cross-sectional design and the sample consisted of 150 nurses working at a state hospital. Data were collected between April and May 2021 with Maslach Burnout Inventory and Caring Behaviors Inventory-24 scales. Independent samples t-test, MannWhitney U test, Kruskal-Wallis variance analysis, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression analysis were used in data analysis. Results: Approximately one in three nurses experienced high levels of emotional exhaustion (30%), whereas 34.7% of the nurses experienced moderate burnout in terms of personal achievement. Nurses had a high perception of care behaviors and the mean score was 5.05±0.57. Highest care behavior scores were obtained in the knowledge and skill subdimension (5.46±0.58) and the lowest scores were obtained in the positive connectedness sub-dimension (4.94±0.70). Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, personal achievement, and working in the pandemic ward had a significant effect on care behaviors. Depersonalization negatively affected care behaviors, whereas personal achievement, emotional exhaustion and working in the pandemic ward increased care behaviors. Conclusion: In this study, unlike the literature, almost all of the nurses experience moderate and high levels of personal achievement burnout. Caring behavior was negatively affected by depersonalization. Nursing curriculum and health policies should prepare nurses for possible crises and psychosocial support for nurses should be increased.

Keywords: Burnout; caring behaviors; COVID-19; nurses; pandemic
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışma, koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 pandemisi sırasında hemşirelerin tükenmişlik düzeylerini, bakım davranışlarını belirlemek ve hemşirelerin sosyodemografik özellikleri, pandemi süreci ile tükenmişliğin bakım davranışları üzerindeki etkilerini değerlendirmek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma kesitsel desende olup, örneklemini bir devlet hastanesinde çalışan 150 hemşire oluşturmuştur. Veriler Nisan-Mayıs 2021 tarihleri arasında Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri ve Bakım Davranışları Envanteri-24 ölçekleri ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde bağımsız örneklem t-testi, MannWhitney U testi, Kruskal-Wallis varyans analizi, Pearson korelasyon testi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Yaklaşık her üç hemşireden biri yüksek düzeyde duygusal tükenme yaşarken (%30), hemşirelerin %34,7'si kişisel başarı açısından orta düzeyde tükenmişlik yaşamaktadır. Hemşirelerin bakım davranışları algısı yüksek olup puan ortalaması 5,05±0,57'dir. En yüksek bakım davranışı puanları bilgi ve beceri alt boyutunda (5,46±0,58), en düşük puanlar ise olumlu bağlılık alt boyutunda (4,94±0,70) elde edilmiştir. Duygusal tükenme, duyarsızlaşma, kişisel başarı ve pandemi servisinde çalışmanın bakım davranışları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisi vardır. Duyarsızlaşma bakım davranışlarını olumsuz yönde etkilerken, kişisel başarı, duygusal tükenme ve pandemi servisinde çalışma bakım davranışlarını artırmıştır. Sonuç: Bu çalışmada literatürden farklı olarak hemşirelerin neredeyse tamamı orta ve yüksek düzeyde kişisel başarı tükenmişliği yaşamaktadır. Bakım verme davranışı duyarsızlaşmadan olumsuz etkilenmiştir. Hemşirelik müfredatı ve sağlık politikaları hemşireleri olası krizlere hazırlamalı ve hemşirelere yönelik psikososyal destek artırılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tükenmişlik; bakım davranışı; COVID-19; hemşireler; pandemi
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