Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Doktor Besim Ömer'in "Beyne'l-Etfâl Sirâyet-i Emrâz" (1310) Adlı Eserine Dair Bir Değerlendirme
An Evaluation of Doctor Besim Ömer's Book Entitled "Transmission of Diseases among Children" (1310)
Serhat Aras TUNAa
aMuş Alparslan Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Tarih Bölümü, Muş, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(2):162-9
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-88491
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Bu çalışmada, Osmanlı Dönemi'nin öncü doktorlarından biri olan Besim Ömer'in (Akalın) Beyne'l-Etfâl Sirâyet-i Emrâz adlı eseri incelenmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında, Besim Ömer'in hayatı ve eserlerine dair genel bir çerçeve çizilmiş ve ilgili eserin içeriği tanıtılmıştır. Besim Ömer, yayın hayatına onlarca eser sığdırmıştır. Gazete ve dergilerde yayımladığı yazılarının bir kısmını kitapçıklar şeklinde ayrıca bastırmıştır. Beyne'l-Etfâl Sirâyet-i Emrâz, bu türden eserlerden biridir. Besim Ömer, bu eserini başlangıçta Servet-i Fünûn dergisinde sağlıkla ilgili yazı dizisinin bir parçası olarak yayımlamıştır. Daha sonra herhangi bir değişiklik yapmadan aynı başlıkla kitapçık olarak bastırmıştır. Bu da çocuk hastalıklarına dair bilgileri yaygınlaştırma maksadı taşıdığına işaret etmektedir. Besim Ömer, Beyne'l-Etfâl Sirâyet-i Emrâz adlı eserde, çocuk hastalıklarının türlerinden öte çocukların hastalıklara yatkınlığına dikkat çekmiştir. Bazı hastalıklara, Avrupa'daki vakalardan örnekler gösterilmiş ve bulaşıcılığın nasıl gerçekleştiği ve ne türden önlemler alınması gerektiği aktarılmıştır. Eserin hedef kitlesi, ebeveyn ve okul idarecileridir. Bunlara, çocuk hastalıklarına dair gerekli uyarılarda bulunulmuştur. Hastalıkların ana sebebi olarak da mikroplar gösterilmiştir. Besim Ömer, bu eserini tıp eğitimi için gittiği Paris seyahatinden sonra kaleme almıştır. Böylece eserde, Avrupa'daki deneyimlerini somut bir şekilde okuyucuyla paylaşmaya çalışmıştır. Avrupalı bilim insanlarının çalışmalarını referans göstererek, tıbbın gelişmişlik düzeyi hakkında da bilgiler vermiştir. Eser, Osmanlı Türkçesi ile yazılmıştır. Eserde, Farsça ve Arapça kelimeler yoğun bir şekilde kullanılmıştır. Bu yüzden eserin Latin harfli transkripsiyonu çalışmaya eklenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Besim Ömer; çocuk; hastalık; bulaşıcılık; XIX. yüzyıl
ABSTRACT
In this study, the booklet named Transmission of Diseases among Children of Besim Ömer (Akalın), one of the pioneer doctors of the Ottoman Empire, was examined. Within the scope of this study, a general framework has been drawn about the life and works of Besim Ömer and the content of the related work introduced. Besim Ömer wrote dozens of works in his publishing life. He also published some of his articles in the form of booklets, which had previously appeared in various newspapers and magazines. Transmission of Diseases among Children is one of these works. Besim Ömer initially published this work as part of a series of articles on health in the magazine Servet-i Fünûn. It was later published as a booklet with the same title without any changes. This may indicate that it was intended to disseminate information on pediatric diseases. Besim Ömer, in Transmission of Diseases among Children, drew attention to the susceptibility of children to diseases rather than the types of pediatric diseases. Some diseases were given as examples through the cases in Europe, and how the contagion occurred and what kind of precautions should be taken. The target audience of his work were parents and school administrators. Necessary warnings about pediatric diseases were given to them. Microbes were shown as the main cause of pediatric diseases. Besim Ömer wrote this book after his trip to Paris for medical education. Thus, in the work, he tried to share his experiences in Europe with the readers. He also gave information about the level of development of medicine by referring to the studies of European scientists. The booklet was written in Ottoman Turkish. Persian and Arabic words were used extensively in the booklet. Therefore, the booklet has been Latinized and added to this study.

Keywords: Besim Ömer; child; disease; infectivity; 19th century
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