Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Diyaliz Tedavisi Alan ve Böbrek Nakli Olan Hastaların ve Yakınlarının Süreç Deneyimleri: Fenomenolojik Kalitatif Bir Çalışma
Process Experiences of Patients Receiving Dialysis Treatment and Renal Transplantation and Their Relatives: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study
Rukiye BURUCUa, Zehra ALANYALIb, Yavuz AYARc
aNecmettin Erbakan Üniversitesi Seydişehir Kamil Akkanat Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Konya, Türkiye
bBursa Şehir Hastanesi, Radyasyon Onkoloji Kliniği, Bursa, Türkiye
cBursa Şehir Hastanesi, Nefroloji Kliniği, Bursa, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2022;14(1):160-70
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2021-82242
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Kronik böbrek yetmezliği sadece hastayı değil hastanın çevresindeki tüm insanları, iş ve aile hayatını bir bütün olarak etkilemektedir. Hastalığın her evresi, hem hasta hem de hasta yakını için zorluklarla dolu, yorucu ve yıpratıcıdır. Hasta yakını hastasına bakmak, kendinden ödün vermek, maddi sorunlara çözüm üretmek zorunda kalmaktadır. Hasta ise kendi yaşadığı fizyolojik problemlerin yanında daha farklı sorunlarla baş etmeye çalışmaktadır. Bu süreçte hasta ve hasta yakınlarının sorunlarının çözümü için farklı gereksinimleri ve beklentileri bulunur. Bu beklentilerinin pek çoğuna hemşireler tarafından bütüncül yaklaşımla çözüm üretilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, hasta ve hasta yakınlarının tedavi süreçlerinde yaşadıklarını ve hemşirelerden beklentilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, nitel araştırma formatında yapılmış, fenomenolojik yaklaşım kullanılmıştır. Veriler odak grup görüşmesi ile toplanmış, nitel veriler Collaizi'nin fenomenolojik yaklaşımına göre analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma, Nitel Araştırma Raporlama Standartları kontrol listesine uygun olarak yürütülmüş ve raporlanmıştır. Bulgular: Toplam 47 katılımcıdan 274 görüş ve öneri elde edilmiştir. Bunlar 4 ana ve 13 alt tema olarak gruplanmıştır. Hasta ve hasta yakınlarının en çok tedavinin başladığı süreçte desteğe gereksinim duydukları görülmüştür. Yaşadıkları sorunlardan bazıları; mutsuzluk, yorgunluk, kaygı, psikolojik ve maddi yetersizliklerdir. En fazla eğitim gereksinimi duyduklarını belirtmiş ve hemşirelere empatik ve özenli yaklaşmalarını önermişlerdir. Sonuç: Diyaliz tedavisi alan/böbrek nakli olan hasta ve hasta yakınlarının birlikte ele alınması, tedavinin başından itibaren desteklenmeleri, özellikle hemşireler tarafından eğitim verilmesi ve özenli yaklaşılması önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kronik böbrek yetmezliği; diyaliz; böbrek nakli; aile; hemşirelik; insan deneyimi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Chronic renal disease affects not only the patient, but also all the people around the patient, as well as work and family life as a whole. Each stage of the disease is difficult, tiring and exhausting for both the patient and their relatives. Patient's relatives have to take care of their patients, compromise on their own, and find solutions to financial problems. The patient, on the other hand, tries to cope with different problems besides his own physiological problems. In this process, patients and their relatives have different needs and expectations to solve their problems. Nurses should find solutions to many of these expectations with a holistic approach. This study was conducted to determine the experiences of patients and their relatives during the treatment process and their expectations from nurses. Material and Methods: The study was conducted in a qualitative research format, and the phenomelogical approach was used. The data were collected through a focus group meeting, and qualitative data were analyzed according to Collazi's phenomenological approach. The research was conducted and reported in accordance with the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Results: 274 opinions and suggestions were obtained from a total of 47 participants. These are grouped into four main and thirteen subthemes. It was observed that patients and their relatives most needed support at the beginning of the treatment. Some of the problems they have experienced; unhappiness, fatigue, anxiety, psychological and financial inadequacies. They stated that they needed the most training and recommended an empathetic and attentive approach to nurses. Conclusion: It is important to deal with patients and their relatives who have undergone dialysis treatment/kidney transplantation together, to be supported from the beginning of the treatment, especially to be educated by nurses and to be attentive.

Keywords: Chronic kidney diseases; dialysis; renal transplantation; family; nursing; human experimentation
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