Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Diyabetli Bireylerde Kserostomi Şiddeti ve Kserostomi Yönetiminde Kullanılan Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı Kesitsel Bir Araştırma
Xerostomia Severity in Individuals with Diabetes and Methods Used in Xerostomia Management: A Descriptive Sectional Research
Sümeyra Mihrap İLTERa , Özlem OVAYOLUb , Uğur DOĞANc
aOsmaniye Korkut Ata Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Gerontoloji Bölümü, Osmaniye, Türkiye
bGaziantep Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
cKilis 7 Aralık Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İç Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Kilis, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(3):827-35
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-101483
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırma, diyabetli bireylerde kserostomi şiddeti ve baş etme yöntemlerini değerlendirme amacıyla yapıldı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırma Ağustos-Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında bir devlet hastanesinde dâhiliye polikliniğine diyabet tedavisi veya muayene amacıyla başvuran 262 hasta ile tamamlandı. Araştırmaya başlamadan önce etik kuruldan, kurumdan ve hastalardan izin alındı. Araştırma verileri soru formu ve görsel analog skala ile toplandı. Tanımlayıcı istatistikler; Student t-testi, KruskalWallis, varyans analizi testler ile verilerin istatistiksel değerlendirmesi yapıldı. p<0,05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Hastaların en şiddetli deneyimledikleri semptomlar sırasıyla %26,71 susama, %25,95 konstipasyon ve %22,90 kserostomi olarak belirlendi. Hastaların %69,47'sinin kserostomi sorununu sağlık çalışanları ile paylaşmadığı, %34,74'ünün kserostomi ile baş etmek için farklı yöntemler denedikleri tespit edildi. Bu yöntemler arasında sık sık su içmek (%30,76), sakız çiğnemek (%24,17), yoğurt ve yoğurt suyu tüketmek (%14,28) saptandı. Kserostomi şiddeti puan ortalamasının 6,57±0,81 olduğu, yaş artışı ile kserostomi şiddetinin de arttığı belirlendi (p<0,05). Ayrıca kserostomi şiddeti arttıkça su tüketiminin de anlamlı düzeyde arttığı (p<0,05), hastaların %43,51'inin her gün dişini fırçalamadığı ve %70,61'inin düzenli diş kontrolüne gitmediği tespit edildi. Sonuç: Diyabetli bireylerin ortalama puan değerinin üzerinde kserostomi yaşadığı, ancak bu durumu sağlık çalışanları ile paylaşmadığı belirlendi. Hastaların kserostomi yönetimi için sık sık su içmeyi, sakız çiğnemeyi, misvak kullanmayı, yoğurt tüketmeyi sıklıkla tercih ettiği tespit edildi. Diyabetli bireylerin ağız bakımı ve hijyeni konusunda yeterli duyarlılıkta olmadıkları da bu araştırmanın sonuçları arasında yer almaktadır. Bu sonuçlar doğrultusunda hastaların kserostomi yaşama durumlarının klinik kontrollerde sorgulanması, hastalara ağız bakımı ve diş sağlığı içerikli eğitimlerin verilmesi önerilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Diyabet; kserostomi; hemşirelik; yönetim
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the severity of xerostomy in individuals with diabetes and the methods used by patients in xerostomy management. Material and Methods: The research was completed with 262 patients who applied to the internal medicine outpatient clinic at a public hospital between August and December 2022 for diabetes treatment or examination. Before starting the research, permission was obtained from the ethics committee, the institution and the patients. Research data were collected with a questionnaire and visual analog scale. Statistical evaluation of the data was made using descriptive statistics, Student t-test, Kruskal-Wallis and analysis of variance tests. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The most severe symptoms experienced by patients are, in order: 26.71% was determined as thirst, 25.95% as constipation and 22.90% as xerostomia. It was determined that 69.47% of the patients did not share their xerostomia problem with healthcare professionals, and 34.74% tried different methods to cope with xerostomia. Among these methods, drinking water frequently (30.76%), chewing gum (24.17%), and consuming yoghurt and yoghurt juice (14.28%) were determined. It was determined that the mean score of xerostomy severity was 6.57±0.81, and the severity of xerostomy increased with increasing age (p<0.05). In addition, it was determined that as the severity of xerostomia increased, water consumption increased significantly (p<0.05), 43.51% of the patients did not brush their teeth every day and 70.61% did not go for regular dental check-ups. Conclusion: It was determined that individuals with diabetes experienced xerostomy above the average score, but did not share this situation with healthcare professionals. It was determined that patients frequently preferred to drink water, chew gum, use miswak, and consume yoghurt for the management of xerostomia. It is also among the results of this research that individuals with diabetes are not sufficiently sensitive about oral care and hygiene. In line with these results, it is recommended to question patients' xerostomia status during clinical controls and to provide oral care and dental health training to patients.

Keywords: Diabetes; xerostomy; nursing; management
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