Journal of Literature Pharmacy Sciences

COVID-19 Pandemisinde Bitkiler ve Sekonder Bileşiklerinin Yeri: Geleneksel Derleme
The Place of Plants and Secondary Compounds in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Traditional Review
Melike UTLUa, Dilek ERCİLa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Eczacılık Fakültesi, Farmakognozi ABD, Ankara, Türkiye
J Lit Pharm Sci. 2022;11(1):15-23
doi: 10.5336/pharmsci.2021-86209
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 İlk kez, 13 Ocak 2020 tarihinde Çin'in Wuhan eyaletinde bildirilen yeni koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)], daha sonra çok sayıda ülkede yayılıp, küresel sağlığı tehdit eden pandemi düzeyine gelmiştir. Hastalık etkeni CoV'lar; tek zincirli, pozitif polariteli, zarflı RNA virüsleridir ve insanlarda basit soğuk algınlığından, ciddi solunum sistemi enfeksiyonlarına neden olabilecek türlerdir. COVID-19'a, şiddetli akut solunum sendromu-CoV2 [severe acute respiratory syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2)] neden olmaktadır. Bu hastalığa karşı etkinliği ve güvenirliliği kanıtlanmış spesifik bir tedavi bulunmamaktadır. Antiviral etkili (favipiravir, remdesivir gibi) bazı ilaçlar tedavide kullanılmaktadır. Bitkilerin antiviral, antiinflamatuar, antioksidan, immünomodülatör gibi önemli biyolojik aktiviteleri ve geleneksel olarak da viral enfeksiyonlarda kullanılan türleri bulunmaktadır. COVID-19 salgını ile birlikte antiviral etkili bitkilerin araştırılması hız kazanmıştır. COVID-19'dan korunma ve tedavide etkili olabilecek bileşiklerin araştırılmasında bitkiler, önemli biyolojik aktiviteleri ve yan etkilerinin azlığı nedeniyle değerli kaynaklardır. Bu çalışmada, COVID-19'a karşı etkili olabilecek bitkiler üzerinde yapılan in siliko, in vitro, in vivo ve klinik çalışmalarla ilgili literatür kaynaklarıyla bir derleme hazırlanmıştır. Fenolik bileşikler (flavonoidler, tanenler), terpenler, alkaloidler gibi sekonder metabolitlerin SARSCoV-2'ye karşı etkinlikleriyle ön plana çıktıkları görülmektedir. İn vitro çalışmalarda, flavonoid yapısındaki baikalein bileşiği ve alkaloid yapısındaki likorin bileşiği etkili bulunmuştur. İn vivo çalışmada ise terpen yapısındaki glisirizin bileşiği ve klinik çalışmada fenolik bileşik kurkumin de COVID-19 için oldukça etkili bulunarak umut vadetmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; bitkisel kaynaklı bileşikler
ABSTRACT
 The new coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), first reported in Wuhan, China, on January 13, 2020, has then spread in many countries and reached the level of pandemic that threatens global health. The disease is CoVs, single-chain, positive polarity, envelope RNA viruses, which can cause severe respiratory system infections from simple cold in humans. COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiration syndrome-CoV-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is no specific treatment that has been proven to be effective and reliable against this disease. Some medicines are used in treatment with antiviral effect (such as favipiravir, remdesivir). Plants have important biological activities such as antiviral, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, immunomodulator, and traditionally the types used in viral infections. The investigation of antiviral-effective plants, together with the COVID-19 outbreak, has gained speed. In the study of compounds that may be effective in protection and treatment of COVID-19, plants are valuable resources due to significant biological activity, low side effects. In this study, a compilation was prepared with literature sources related to in siliko, in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies on plants that may be effective against COVID-19. It is observed that secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds (flavonoids, tannins), terpenes, alkaloids, and others have come to the forefront with their activities against SARS-CoV-2. In in vitro studies, the flavonoid-structured baicalein compound and the alkaloid-structured lycorin compound were found to be effective. In the in vivo study, the glycyrrhizin compound in the terpene structure and the phenolic compound curcumin in the clinical study were found to be very effective for COVID-19 and are promising.

Keywords: COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; plant origin compounds
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