Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
COVID-19 Aşı Tutum Ölçeği: Geçerlilik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması: Metodolojik Çalışma
COVID-19 Vaccine Attitude Scale: Validity and Reliability Study: Methodological Study
Dilruba İZGÜDENa, Mahmut AKBOLATb, Sedat BOSTANc, Ramazan ERDEMa
aSüleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Isparta, Türkiye
bSakarya Üniversitesi İşletme Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Sakarya, Türkiye
cOrdu Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Ordu, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2022;7(3):826-36
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2021-86319
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Araştırmada, sağlık profesyonellerinin koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] aşılarına yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesine yönelik bir ölçüm aracının geliştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Literatür incelenerek, ölçülmek istenen yapı belirlenmiş ve araştırmada kullanılmak üzere 5'li Likert ölçek tercih edilmiştir. Oluşturulan madde havuzundan benzer yargı ya da anlamı ifade edebilecek maddeler çıkarılarak taslak ölçeğin kapsam geçerliliği çalışmaları yürütülmüştür. Pilot uygulamanın yürütülmesi sonrasında geçerliliğe ilişkin keşfedici ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizleri uygulanmıştır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini tespit etmek amacıyla da Cronbach alfa katsayıları değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında 430 sağlık profesyonelinden elde edilen veriler değerlendirmeye alınmıştır. Bulgular: Geliştirilen ölçeğin Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin değeri 0,920 bulunmuş ve Bartlett Küresellik Testi de anlamlı görülmüştür. Ölçeğin uyum iyiliği değerleri incelendiğinde; Artan Uyum İndeksi (0,952), Karşılaştırmalı Uyum İndeksi (0,952), ortalama hataların karekökü (0,034) ve ki-kare-serbestlik derecesi oranı (2,795) mükemmel uyum; Düzeltilmiş Uyum İyiliği İndeksi (0,856), Normlaştırılmış Uyum İndeksi (0,927), Uyum İyiliği İndeksi (0,873), Tucker-Lewis İndeks (0,945) ve yaklaşık hataların ortalama karekökü (0,065) kabul edilebilir düzeyde uyum göstermiştir. Ölçeğin regresyon ağırlıklarının uygun olduğu (0,65'in üzerinde değerler) anlaşılmaktadır. Ölçeğin Cronbach alfa değerinin 0,894 olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç: Çalışma sonucunda, 4 boyut ve 24 maddeden oluşan COVID-19 Tutum Ölçeği geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen ölçekle sağlık profesyonellerinin COVID-19 aşı tercihlerinde belirleyicileri, aşıların faydalı olacağına yönelik inançları, COVID-19 aşılarına karşı duydukları şüphe ve aşı olmayı önerme düzeyleri ortaya konulmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; aşılar; sağlık profesyonelleri
ABSTRACT
 Objective: In the study, it was aimed to develop a measurement tool to examine the attitudes of health professionals towards coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccines. Material and Methods: The structure to be measured was determined by examining the literature and a 5-point Likert scale was preferred to be used in the research. Content validity studies of the draft scale were carried out by removing items that could express similar judgments or meanings from the item pool. After the pilot application was conducted, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyzes regarding validity were applied. In order to determine the reliability of the scale, Cronbach's alpha coefficients were evaluated. Within the scope of the research, the data obtained from 430 health professionals were evaluated. Results: The Kaiser-Mayer-Olkin value of the developed scale was found to be 0.920 and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity was also found to be significant. When the goodness-of-fit values of the scale were examined, Incremental Fit Index (0.952), Comparative Fit Index (0.952), root mean square residual (0.034) and chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio (2.795) showed perfect fit; Adjusted Goodness of Fit Index (0.856), Normed Fit Index (0.927), Goodness of Fit Index (0.873), Tucker-Lewis Index (0.945) and root mean square error of approximation (0.065) showed an acceptable level of agreement. It is understood that the regression weights of the scale are appropriate (values above 0.65). The Cronbach alpha value of the scale was found to be 0.894. Conclusion: The result of the study, the COVID-19 Attitude Scale, was formed consisting of 4 dimensions and 24 items. With the expanded scale, health professionals' determinants of COVID-19 vaccine preferences, their belief that vaccines will be beneficial, their suspicion against COVID-19 vaccines and their recommendation to be vaccinated were revealed.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccines; health care professionals
REFERENCES:
  1. Omer SB, Salmon DA, Orenstein WA, deHart MP, Halsey N. Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. N Engl J Med. 2009; 360(19):1981-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Weigel M, Weitmann K, Rautmann C, Schmidt J, Bruns R, Hoffmann W. Impact of physicians' attitude to vaccination on local vaccination coverage for pertussis and measles in Germany. Eur J Public Health. 2014;24(6):1009-16. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  3. Randolph HE, Barreiro LB. Herd Immunity: Understanding COVID-19. Immunity. 2020; 52(5):737-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Chen RT, Hibbs B. Vaccine safety: current and future challenges. Pediatr Ann. 199827(7): 445-55. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Paul E, Steptoe A, Fancourt D. Attitudes towards vaccines and intention to vaccinate against COVID-19: Implications for public health communications. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;1:100012. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Taşdelen B, Kurt H. Online gazetelerin gözünden COVID-19 aşı sürecini anlamak. Ayaz F, editör. Ticarileşme, Politika ve Etik Üçgeninde Sağlık Konulu Yayıncılık Tartışmaları. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Eğitim Yayınevi; 2021. p.76-94.
  7. Fadda M, Albanese E, Suggs LS. When a COVID-19 vaccine is ready, will we all be ready for it? Int J Public Health. 2020; 65(6):711-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  8. Aydın M, Özel AS, Altunal LN. Transmission and clinical characteristic of COVID-19 in healthcare workers: Cross-sectional study. Türkiye Klinikleri Tıp Bilimleri Dergisi. 2021;41(3):219-24. [Crossref] 
  9. Shekhar R, Sheikh AB, Upadhyay S, Singh M, Kottewar S, Mir H, et al. COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among health care workers in the united states. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(2): 119. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  10. Huynh G, Tran TT, Nguyen HTN, Pham LA. COVID-19 vaccination intention among healthcare workers in Vietnam. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine. 2021;14(4):159-64. [Crossref] 
  11. Bovier PA, Chamot E, Bouvier Gallacchi M, Loutan L. Importance of patients' perceptions and general practitioners' recommendations in understanding missed opportunities for immunisations in Swiss adults. Vaccine. 2001;19(32):4760-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Worthington RL, Whittaker TA. Scale development research: a content analysis and recommendations for best practices. TCP. 2006;34(6):806-38. [Crossref] 
  13. Tezbaşaran A. Likert Tipi Ölçek Hazırlama Kılavuzu. 3. Sürüm e-Kitap. Mersin; 2008. Erişim tarihi: 29 Ağustos 2021. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  14. DeVellis RF. Scale Development Theory and Applications. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2012.
  15. Thatcher JB, Stepina LP, Boyle RJ. Turnover of information technology workers: Examining empirically the influence of attitudes, job characteristics, and external markets. JMIS. 2002;19(3):231-61. [Crossref] 
  16. Turan İ, Şimşek Ü, Aslan H. Eğitim araş tırmalarında likert ölçeği ve likert-tipi soruların kullanımı ve analizi [The use and analysis of likert scales and likert-type items in educational research]. Sakarya Üniversitesi Eğitim Fakültesi Dergisi. 2015;30:186-203. [Link] 
  17. Hinkin T. A Brief tutorial on development of measures for use in survey questionnaires. ORM. 1998;1(1):104-21. [Crossref] 
  18. Morgado FFR, Meireles JFF, Neves CM, Amaral ACS, Ferreira MEC. Scale development: ten main limitations and recommendations to improve future research practices. Psicol Reflex Crit. 2017;30(1):3. Erratum in: Psicol Reflex Crit. 2017;30(1):5. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  19. Karakoç FY, Dönmez L. Ölçek geliştirme çalışmalarında temel ilkeler [Basic principles of scale development]. Tıp Eğitim Dünyası. 2014;13(40):39-49. [Crossref] 
  20. Esin N. Veri toplama yöntem ve araçları & veri toplama araçlarının güvenirlik ve geçerliği. Erdoğan S, Nahcivan N, Esin MN, editörler. Hemşirelikte Araştırma. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri; 2014. p.193-232.
  21. Lynn MR. Determination and quantification of content validity. Nurs Res. 1986;35(6):382-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  22. Polit DF, Beck CT. The content validity index: are you sure you know what's being reported? Critique and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2006;29(5):489-97. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Davis LL. Instrument review: Getting the most from a panel of experts. Appl Nurs Res. 1992;5(4):194-7. [Crossref] 
  24. Coşkun R, Altunışık R, Yıldırım E. Sosyal Bilimlerde Araştırma Yöntemleri. 10. Baskı. Sakarya: Sakarya Yayıncılık; 2020.
  25. Seçer İ. Psikolojik Test Geliştirme ve Uyarlama Süreci SPSS ve LISREL Uygulamaları. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Anı Yayıncılık; 2015.
  26. Connelly LM. Pilot studies. Medsurg Nurs. 2008;17(6):411-2. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. George D, Mallery M. SPSS for Windows Step By Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 17.0 Update. 10th ed. Boston: Pearson; 2010.
  28. Suhr DD. Exploratory or confirmatory factor analysis? Cary: SAS Institute; 2006. p.200-31. [Link] 
  29. Wang J, Jing R, Lai X, Zhang H, Lyu Y, Knoll MD, Fang H. Acceptance of COVID-19 Vaccination during the COVID-19 Pandemic in China. Vaccines (Basel). 2020;8(3):482. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  30. Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 4th ed. New York: Guilford Press; 2015.
  31. Karagöz Y. SPSS 21.1 Uygulamalı Biyoistatistik. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım; 2014.
  32. Holzmann-Littig C, Braunisch MC, Kranke P, Popp M, Seeber C, Fichtner F, et al. COVID-19 vaccination acceptance and hesitancy among healthcare workers in Germany. Vaccines (Basel). 2021;9(7):777. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Karagöz Y. SPSS ve AMOS Uygulamalı Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri ve Yayın Etiği. 1. Baskı. Ankara: Nobel Yayın Dağıtım; 2017.
  34. Scherer RF, Wiebe FA, Luther DC, Adams JS. Dimensionality of coping: factor stability using the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Psychol Rep. 1988;62(3):763-70. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com