Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı ile Gebelerde COVID-19 Aşı Tutumu Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi: Kesitsel Çalışma
Examining the Relationship Between COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy and COVID-19 Vaccine Attitudes in Pregnant Women: Cross-Sectional Study
Elif ULUDAĞa , Pınar SERÇEKUŞa , Dicle Filiz YILDIRIM GÖKŞENa , Sinem GÖRAL TÜRKCÜa , Sevgi ÖZKANa
aPamukkale Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Doğum ve Kadın Hastalıkları Hemşireliği ABD, Denizli, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(1):73-81
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-97112
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Gebeler, koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] aşısının kabulünün yeterli düzeyde olmadığı önemli bir kitleyi oluşturur. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, gebelerde COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığının COVID-19 aşı tutumlarını açıklama durumunu incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu tanımlayıcı, kesitsel bir çalışmadır ve 204 gebe kadınla tamamlanmıştır. Veriler çevrim içi bir anket aracı kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Anket formu kişisel bilgi formu, COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Aşısına Yönelik Tutumlar Ölçeği'nden oluşmuştur. Verilerin analizinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler, Pearson korelasyon analizi ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Gebelerin %68,1'inin COVID-19 aşısı uygulanmaya başlandıktan sonra en az bir doz COVID-19 aşısı yaptırdığı ve bu gebelerin %91,4'ünün ise gebe kaldıktan sonra COVID-19 aşısı yaptırmayı tercih ettiği görülmüştür. COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği'nin alt boyutu olan fonksiyonel aşı okuryazarlığı olumlu aşı tutumunun %30'unu (R2 : 0,302), olumsuz aşı tutumunun %29'unu (R2 : 0,290) açıklamıştır. COVID-19 Aşı Okuryazarlığı Ölçeği'nin alt boyutu olan iletişimsel/eleştirel aşı okuryazarlığı olumlu aşı tutumunun %38'ini (R2 : 0,380), olumsuz aşı tutumunun %32'sini (R2 : 0,323) açıklamıştır. Olumlu aşı tutumunu en fazla etkileyen değişken iletişimsel/eleştirel aşı okuryazarlığı (β: 0,391) olmuştur. Sonuç: Gebelerde COVID-19 aşı okuryazarlığının artmasının COVID-19 aşısına karşı hem olumlu hem de olumsuz tutumu benzer oranlarda açıkladığını göstermiştir. Salgın gibi durumlarda karar verme mekanizmalarının doğru çalışması, fikir birliğinin sağlanması ve gebelerin en doğru ve sağlıklı bilgi kaynaklarına yönlendirilmeleri önemli olmaktadır. Bireylerin aşılanma oranlarını artırmak için hükümetler, medya, aşı şirketleri, sağlık çalışanları ve bilim insanları birlikte hareket etmelidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: COVID-19; aşı okuryazarlığı; tutum; gebelik
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Pregnant women constitute a significant population whose coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccine acceptance is not sufficient. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine whether COVID-19 vaccine literacy explains COVID-19 vaccine attitudes in pregnant women. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study completed with 204 pregnant women. Data were collected using an online survey instrument. The questionnaire consisted of a personal information form, COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale and attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccine. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis were used in the analysis of the data. Results: It was observed that 68.1% of pregnant women received at least one dose of COVID19 vaccine after the COVID-19 vaccine started to be administered, and 91.4% of these pregnant women preferred to receive the COVID-19 vaccine after pregnancy. Functional vaccine literacy, a sub-dimension of the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale, explained 30% (R2 : 0.302) of positive vaccine attitude and 29% (R2 : 0.290) of negative vaccine attitude. Communicative/critical vaccine literacy, a sub-dimension of the COVID-19 Vaccine Literacy Scale, explained 38% (R2 : 0.380) of positive vaccine attitude and 32% (R2 : 0.323) of negative vaccine attitude. The variable that most affected positive vaccination attitude was communicative/critical vaccination literacy (β: 0.391). Conclusion: It has been shown that the increase in COVID-19 vaccine literacy in pregnant women explains both positive and negative attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine at similar rates. In cases such as epidemics, it is important for the decision-making mechanisms to work correctly, to provide consensus and to direct the pregnant women to the most accurate and healthy information sources. Governments, media, vaccine companies, healthcare professionals and scientists should act together to increase the vaccination rates of individuals.

Keywords: COVID-19; vaccine literacy; attitudes; pregnant
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