Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Comparison of Physical Activity Levels, Metabolic Syndrome Risks and Sleep Quality of Athletes and Sedentary University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
Sporcu ve Sedanter Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Düzeyleri, Metabolik Sendrom Riskleri ve Uyku Kalitelerinin Karşılaştırılması: Kesitsel Bir Çalışma
Emine Büşra AYDINa , Mehmet ÇEBİb
aGümüşhane University Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Gümüşhane, Türkiye
bOndokuz Mayıs University Yaşar Doğu Faculty of Sports Sciences, Department of Recreation, Samsun, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2025;10(1):69-76
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2024-102423
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the physical activity levels, metabolic syndrome risks and sleep quality of athletes and sedentary university students. Material and Methods: A total of 400 students, including 200 athletes and 200 sedentary students studying at Gümüşhane University, were included in this study. In collecting data; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was used to evaluate the sleep quality of the participants, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form was used to determine physical activity levels and Metabolic Syndrome Research Form was used to determine metabolic syndrome risk levels. Results: Average age of the participants was 19.94±1.48. A significant difference was detected between athletes and sedentary individuals in sleep quality and metabolic syndrome risk level. Individuals who exercise regularly and have high physical activity levels were found to have higher sleep quality and lower metabolic syndrome risks. In addition, these people are less exposed to various sleep problems such as falling asleep late, daytime sleepiness, inefficient sleep, etc. Conclusion: Increasing the level of physical activity improves sleep quality and reduces the risk of metabolic syndrome. Athletes have better sleep quality and lower risk of metabolic syndrome than sedantery. It is important to increase research in this area in young individuals. On the other hand, creating the right exercise program should be emphasized in studies. It is thought that our study will contribute to future studies in this regard.

Keywords: Health; metabolic syndrome; physical activity; sleep quality
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı sporcu ve sedanter üniversite öğrencilerinin fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri, metabolik sendrom riskleri ve uyku kalitelerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya Gümüşhane Üniversitesi'nde öğrenimine devam eden 200 sporcu ve 200 sedanter olmak üzere toplam 400 öğrenci katılmıştır. Verilerin toplanmasında; katılımcıların uyku kalitelerinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksi (PUQI), fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi-Kısa Formu (IPAQ-Kısa) ve metabolik sendrom risk düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amacıyla Metabolik Sendrom Araştırma Formu (MSAF) kullanıldı. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 19,94±1,48 idi. Sporcular ve sedanter bireyler arasında uyku kalitesi ve metabolik sendrom risk düzeyi açısından anlamlı farklılık tespit edildi. Yüksek fiziksel aktivite düzeyine sahip ve düzenli egzersiz yapan bireylerin, daha yüksek uyku kalitesi ve daha düşük metabolik sendrom riskine sahip olduğu belirlendi. Ayrıca bu kişiler geç uykuya dalma, gündüz uyku hali, verimsiz uyku gibi çeşitli uyku sorunlarına daha az maruz kalmaktadır. Sonuç: Fiziksel aktivite seviyesinin artması uyku kalitesini artırmakta metabolik sendrom riskini azaltmaktadır. Sporcular, sporcu olmayan bireylere göre daha iyi uyku kalitesine sahiptir ve metabolik sendrom riskleri daha düşüktür. Genç bireylerde bu alandaki araştırmaların artırılması önemlidir. Öte yandan doğru egzersiz programının oluşturulması çalışmalarda vurgulanmalıdır. Çalışmamızın gelecek çalışmalara bu yönden katlı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sağlık; metabolik sendrom; fiziksel aktivite; uyku kalitesi
REFERENCES:
  1. Alpözgen AZ, Özdinçler AR. Fiziksel Aktivite ve Koruyucu Etkileri: Derleme [Physical activity and its protective effects: a review]. HSP. 2016;3(1):66-72. [Crossref] 
  2. Güler Öztürk SD, Bıkmaz Hazır F. Health awareness in elementary school curricula: a content analysis within the framework of a holistic approach to health. Ankara University Journal of Faculty of Educational Sciences. 2007;40(1):215-42. [Link] 
  3. Vural Ö, Eler S, Güzel Atalay N. Masa başı çalışanlarda fiziksel aktivite düzeyi ve yaşam kalitesi ilişkisi[The relation of physical activity level and life quality at sedentary profession. SPORMETRE Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;8(2):69-75. [Crossref] 
  4. Bulut S. Sağlıkta sosyal bir belirleyici; fiziksel aktivite [A social determinants of health, physical activity]. Turk Hij Den Biyol Derg, 2013;70(4): 205-14. [Crossref] 
  5. Balkan F. Metabolik Sendrom [Metabolic syndrome]. Ankara Med J. 2013; 13(2):85-90. [Link] 
  6. Balcı G, Çakar O, Kale K, Serttaş M, Tözün M, Ünsal A. Kütahya'nın İki Hastanesinde Metabolik Sendrom Riski ve Anksiyete İlişkisinin Değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of the Relationship between Metabolic Syndrome Risk and Anxiety in Two Hospitals of Kütahya]. Smyrna Medical Journal. 2015;3:28-34. [Link] 
  7. Gören B, Fen T. Metabolik Sendrom [Metabolic syndrome]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci. 2008;28:686-96. [Link] 
  8. Aysan E, Karaköse S, Zaybak A, İsmailoğlu Günay E. Üniversite Öğrencilerinde Uyku Kalitesi ve Etkileyen Faktörler [Sleep quality and influencing factors in university students]. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Yüksekokulu Elektronik Dergisi. 2014;7(3):193-8. [Link] 
  9. Albqoor MA, Shaheen AM. Sleep quality, sleep latency, and sleep duration: a national comparative study of university students in Jordan. Sleep Breath. 2021;25(2):1147-54. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Cao Y, Yang Z, Yu Y, Huang X. Physical activity, sleep quality and life satisfaction in adolescents: A cross-sectional survey study. Front Public Health. 2022;10:1010194. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Reid KJ, Baron KG, Lu B, Naylor E, Wolfe L, Zee PC. Aerobic exercise improves self-reported sleep and quality of life in older adults with insomnia. Sleep Med. 2010;11(9):934-40. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Işık Ö, Özarslan A, Bekler F. Üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite uyku kalitesi ve depresyon ilişkisi [The correlation among physical activity, quality of sleep and depression among the university students]. Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bilimleri Dergisi. 2015;9(Special issue):65-73. [Link] 
  13. Marson EC, Delevatti RS, Prado AK, Netto N, Kruel LF. Effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise training on insulin resistance markers in overweight or obese children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prev Med. 2016;93:211-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Gerosa-Neto J, Monteiro PA, Inoue DS, Antunes BM, Batatinha H, Dorneles GP, Peres A, Rosa-Neto JC, Lira FS. High- and moderate-intensity training modify LPS-induced ex-vivo interleukin-10 production in obese men in response to an acute exercise bout. Cytokine. 2020;136:155249. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Soyuer F, Ünalan D, Elmalı F. Normal ağırlıklı ve obez üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite [Physical activity in normal weight and obese university students]. Uluslararası İnsan Bilimleri Dergisi. 2010;7(2):862-72.
  16. Bozdemir Özel C, Arıkan H, Dağdelen S, Çalık Kütükcü E, Karadüz BN, Kabakçı G, et al. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde kardiyovasküler hastalıklar risk faktörleri bilgi düzeyi ve fiziksel aktivite seviyelerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of cardiovascular disease risk factors knowledge and physical activity levels in patients with type 2 diabetes]. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2021;8(1):99-105. [Link] 
  17. Büyüköztürk Ş, Kılıç Çakmak E, Akgün ÖE, Karadeniz Ş, Demirel F. Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri. 20. Baskı. Ankara: Pegem Akademi; 2016. [Crossref] 
  18. Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193-213. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  19. Ağargün MY, Kara H, Anlar Ö. Pittsburgh Uyku Kalitesi İndeksinin Geçerliği Ve Güvenirliği [Validity and Reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index]. Turkish Journal of Psychiatry. 1996;7(2):107-15. [Link] 
  20. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Öztürk M. Determining the validity and reliability of the international physical activity questionnaire and physical activity levels of students studying at the university [Master Thesis]. Ankara: University of Hacettepe; 2005. [Link] 
  22. Kline CE, Irish LA, Krafty RT, Sternfeld B, Kravitz HM, Buysse DJ, et al. Consistently high sports/exercise activity is associated with better sleep quality, continuity and depth in midlife women: the SWAN sleep study. Sleep. 2013;36(9):1279-88. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  23. Arbinaga F, Fernández-Cuenca S, Fernández-Ozcorta EJ, Toscano-Hermoso MD, Joaquin-Mingorance M. Level of physical activity and sleep characteristics in university students. Sleep Sci. 2019;12(4):265-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. ?tefan L, Spori? G, Krističević T, Knjaz D. Associations between sleep quality and its domains and insufficient physical activity in a large sample of Croatian young adults: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(7):e021902. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  25. İyigün G, Angın E, Kırmızıgil B Öksüz S, Özdil A, Malkoç M. Üniversite öğrencilerinde uyku kalitesinin mental sağlık, fiziksel sağlık ve yaşam kalitesi ile ilişkisi [The relationship of sleep quality with mental health, physical health and quality of life in university students]. Journal of Exercise Therapy and Rehabilitation. 2017;4(3):125-33. [Link] 
  26. Fealy CE, Nieuwoudt S, Foucher JA, Scelsi AR, Malin SK, Pagadala M, et al. Functional high-intensity exercise training ameliorates insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk factors in type 2 diabetes. Exp Physiol. 2018;103(7):985-94. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  27. Hui SS, Xie YJ, Woo J, Kwok TC. Effects of Tai Chi and walking exercises on weight loss, Metabolic Syndrome parameters, and bone mineral density: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015;2015:976123. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  28. Li S, Kim JY, Sim YJ. Effects of 10-week combined training on lipid metabolic regulatory hormones and metabolic syndrome index according to exercise dose in obese male college students. J Exerc Rehabil. 2020;16(1):101-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Micielska K, Gmiat A, Zychowska M, Kozlowska M, Walentukiewicz A, Lysak-Radomska A, et al. The beneficial effects of 15 units of high-intensity circuit training in women is modified by age, baseline insulin resistance and physical capacity. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2019;152:156-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Pourranjbar M, Arabnejad N, Naderipour K, Rafie F. Effects of Aerobic Exercises on Serum Levels of Myonectin and Insulin Resistance in Obese and Overweight Women. J Med Life. 2018;11(4):381-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com