Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Combined Use of Probiotics and Vitamin D Against Neurotoxicity: Traditional Review
Nörotoksisiteye Karşı Probiyotik ve D Vitamininin Birlikte Kullanımı: Geleneksel Derleme
Fatma Hazan GÜLa
aDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Mersin University Faculty of Health Science, Mersin, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(1):210-6
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-98902
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Neurodegeneration caused by neurotoxicity is a condition influenced by many factors such as increased reactive oxygen species, protein misfolding, and ubiquitin-proteasome pathway dysfunction. The brain-gut axis is one of the primary systems affected by neurodegeneration. This axis is a bidirectional system consisting of neurological, endocrine, and immunological elements. Disruption of microbial balance in the gut leads to poor inflammation, increased oxidative stress, disruption of energy homeostasis, and cellular degeneration. Probiotics, which are important for maintaining this balance, are beneficial bacteria that, when ingested in sufficient quantities, positively affect host health and play an active role in maintaining microbial homeostasis in the gut. Another substance that impacts neurodegeneration is vitamin D. It is clearly stated in the literature that vitamin D supplementation, a fat-soluble micronutrient that falls into the steroid hormone category, or adequate sun exposure positively reduces the risk of developing/progressing neurodegenerative disorders. Vitamin D achieves this effect by inhibiting the synthesis of nitric oxide synthase and increasing the stimulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Moreover, vitamin D exerts this beneficial effect by binding to vitamin D receptors in the intestine. It is known that probiotics and vitamin D have separate neuroprotective effects against neurotoxicity, but it is not well enough known that their beneficial effects are enhanced when probiotics and vitamin D are taken together. The aim of this study is to show that the beneficial effects of probiotics and vitamin D against neurotoxicity are enhanced when they are taken together.

Keywords: Probiotics; vitamin D; microbiota; brain-gut axis; neurotoxicity syndromes
ÖZET
 Nörotoksisitenin neden olduğu nörodejenerasyon, reaktif oksijen türlerinin artması, proteinlerin yanlış katlanması ve ubikitin-proteozom yolağının disfonksiyonu gibi birçok faktörden etkilenen bir durumdur. Nörojenerasyondan etkilenen sistemlerin başında beyin-bağırsak aksı gelir. Bu aks nörolojik, endokrin ve immünolojik unsurlardan oluşan çift yönlü bir sistemdir. Bağırsağın mikrobiyal dengesinin bozulması düşük dereceli inflamasyona, oksidatif streste artışa, enerji homeostazının bozulmasına ve hücresel dejenerasyonun artmasına neden olur. Bu dengenin korunmasında önemli olan probiyotikler, yeterli miktarda alındığında konakçı sağlığını olumlu yönde etkileyen ve bağırsaklarda mikrobiyal homeostazın sağlanmasında aktif rol oynayan yararlı bakterilerdir. Nörodejenerasyon üzerine etkisi olduğu bilinen bir diğer madde D vitaminidir. Steroid hormon kategorisine giren ve yağda çözünen bir mikro besin olan D vitamini takviyesinin veya yeterli güneş ışığına maruz kalmanın, nörodejeneratif bozuklukların gelişme/ilerleme riskini olumlu yönde azalttığı literatürde açıkça belirtilmektedir. D vitamini bu etkisini nitrik oksit sentazın sentezini inhibe ederek ve gama-glutamil transpeptidazın stimülasyonunu artırarak gerçekleştirmektedir. Ayrıca D vitamini bu yararlı etkisini bağırsaktaki D vitamini reseptörlerine bağlanarak gösterir. Probiyotikler ve D vitamininin nörotoksisiteye karşı ayrı ayrı nöroprotektif etkisi olduğu bilinmekle birlikte, probiyotikler ve D vitamini birlikte alındığında bu protektif etkinin arttığı yeterince bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, nörotoksisiteye karşı probiyotiklerin ve D vitamininin birlikte kullanıldığında yararlı etkilerinin artığını ortaya koymaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Probiyotikler; D vitamini; mikrobiyota; beyin-bağırsak aksı; nörotoksisite sendromları
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"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com