Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Çocukluk Çağı Adli Nitelikli Göz Yaralanmaları: Kesitsel Araştırma
Childhood Forensic Eye Injury: Cross-Sectional Research
Ümit ŞİMŞEKa , Kenan KARBEYAZa
aEskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, Adli Tıp ABD, Eskişehir, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(2):99-104
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2023-95400
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çocukluk çağındaki travmatik göz yaralanmaları, görmenin tam kaybı veya az görme ile sonuçlanabilen, çocuğun tüm hayatını olumsuz etkileyebilen olaylardır. Bu çalışmada, adli makamlar tarafından ana bilim dalımıza gönderilen çocukluk çağı adli nitelikli göz yaralanması olgularının değerlendirilmesi, elde edilecek verilerin literatürle paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 2012- 2021 yılları arasındaki 10 yılda değerlendirilen 69 çocukluk çağı adli nitelikli göz yaralanmalı olgu incelenmiştir. Olgular yaş, cinsiyet, olay türü, yara özellikleri ve düzenlenen adli rapor içerikleri açısından retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Veriler SPSS paket istatistik programı aracılığıyla değerlendirildi. Ki-kare ve yüzdelik analizler yapıldı. Bulgular: Olguların %69,6'sının erkek olduğu, yaş ortalamalarının 12,7 olduğu, %65,2'sinin kaza nedeniyle yaralandığı, yaralanmaların %63,8'inin künt nitelikte olduğu belirlendi. Olguların 38'inin (%55,1) basit tıbbi müdahale ile giderilebilir nitelikte olduğu, 7 (%10,1) olguda işlev zayıflığı olduğu belirlendi. Olguların 24'ünün (%34,8) etkili eylem (kavga, darp) sonucu yaralandığı belirlendi. Kırk beş (%65,2) olgunun kaza nedeniyle yaralandığı belirlendi. 22 (%31,9) olgunun oyun kazası veya okul bahçesi, piknik alanı, sokak gibi sosyal alanlarda olan kazalar olduğu, 14 (%20,3) olgunun trafik kazası sonucu yaralandığı, 9 (%13) olgunun ev kazası şeklinde yaralandığı belirlendi. Sonuç: Çocukluk çağı göz yaralanmalarının önlenebilir yaralanmalar olduğu, çocukların bakım ve gözetimini sağlayan kişilerin bu hususta özen göstermeleri gerektiği, göz yaralanmalarının değerlendirilmesinde, adli tıp, göz hastalıkları ve ilgili diğer uzmanların multidisipliner yaklaşımının önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Göz yaralanması; çocukluk; adli
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Traumatic eye injuries in childhood are events that can result in complete loss of vision or low vision, and can negatively affect the whole life of the child. In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the childhood forensic eye injury cases sent to our department by the judicial authorities and to share the data to be obtained with the literature. Material and Methods: 69 pediatric forensic eye injuries evaluated in 10 years between 2012-2021 were examined. The cases were examined retrospectively in terms of age, gender, type of event, wound characteristics and the contents of the forensic report. The data were evaluated using the SPSS package statistics program. Chi-square and percentage analyzes were performed. Results: It was determined that 69.6% of the cases were male, their mean age was 12.7, 65.2% of them were injured due to an accident, and 63.8% of the injuries were blunt. It was determined that 38 (55.1%) cases were reversible with simple medical intervention, and functional weakness was found in 7 (10.1%) cases. It was determined that 24 (34.8%) of the cases were injured as a result of effective action (fight, assault). It was determined that 45 (65.2%) cases were injured due to accident. It was determined that 22 (31.9%) cases were due to playground accidents or accidents in social areas such as school garden, picnic area, street, 14 (20.3%) cases were injured as a result of traffic accidents, and 9 (13%) cases were injured in the form of home accidents. Conclusion: It is thought that childhood eye injuries are preventable injuries, the care and supervision of children should be careful in this regard, and the multidisciplinary approach of forensic medicine, eye diseases and other related specialists is important in the evaluation of eye injuries.

Keywords: Eye injury; childhood; forensic
REFERENCES:
  1. Sarı AA. Çocukluk çağı göz yaralanmaları ve özellikleri [Childhood eye injuries and their characteristics]. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology. 2012;42(1):41-7. [Crossref] 
  2. Küsbeci T, Yiğit T, Demirhan E, Çatal Ç, Tezcan S. Çocukluk çağı göz travmalarının epidemiyolojik değerlendirilmesi [Epidemiologic evaluation of childhood ocular trauma]. Kocatepe Medical Journal. 2012;13(3):153-9. [Link] 
  3. Ervin-Mulvey LD, Nelson LB, Freeley DA. Pediatric eye trauma. Pediatr Clin North Am. 1983;30(6):1167-83. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  4. Brophy M, Sinclair SA, Hostetler SG, Xiang H. Pediatric eye injury-related hospitalizations in the United States. Pediatrics. 2006;117(6):e1263-71. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  5. Salvin JH. Systematic approach to pediatric ocular trauma. Curr Opin Ophthalmol. 2007;18(5):366-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Strahlman E, Elman M, Daub E, Baker S. Causes of pediatric eye injuries. A population-based study. Arch Ophthalmol. 1990;108(4):603-6. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  7. Soylu M, Demircan N, Yalaz M, Işigüzel I. Etiology of pediatric perforating eye injuries in southern Turkey. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998;5(1):7-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Acar U, Tök ÖY, Acar DE, Burcu A, Örnek F. Çocukluk çağı delici göz yaralanmalarının epidemiyolojik ve klinik değerlendirilmesi [Epidemiological and clinical evaluation of open-globe injuries in childhood]. Turkish Journal of Ophthalmology. 2010;40(2):61-7. [Link] 
  9. Rahman I, Maino A, Devadason D, Leatherbarrow B. Open globe injuries: factors predictive of poor outcome. Eye (Lond). 2006;20(12):1336-41. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Kargı ŞH. Pediatrik travma hastalarının değerlendirilmesi. Tamçelik N, editör. Oküler Travmatoloji Medikolegal Oftalmoloji Yeni Yasal Düzenlemeler. 1. Baskı. İstanbul: Türk Oftalmoloji Derneği Yayınları; 2007. p.3-17.
  11. Doğan B, Kılıboz T, Garbioğlu A, Karbeyaz K, Gürsoy HH. Adli nitelikli göz yaralanmalarının değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of ocular trauma in forensic medicine]. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2021;43(3):234-8. [Link] 
  12. Hösükler E, Erkol ZZ, Yazgı BK. Göz travması olgularının adli tıp yönünden analizi [Analysis of ocular trauma cases in terms of forensic medicine]. Fırat Journal of Medicine. 2022;27(3):186-90. [Link] 
  13. Sever M, Saz EU, Koşargelir M. Bir üçüncü basamak hastane acil servisine başvuran adli nitelikli çocuk hastaların değerlendirilmesi [An evaluation of the pediatric medico-legal admissions to a tertiary hospital emergency department]. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2010;16(3):260-7. Turkish. [PubMed] 
  14. Gamsız Bilgin N, Göksel İ, Yıldırım Ö, Sarı A, Metin A. Çocukluk çağı göz yaralanmalarının adli boyutu [Legal aspects on childhood ocular injuries]. Journal of Forensic Medicine. 2010;25(1):25-32. [Link] 
  15. Balcı Y, Çolak B, Gürpınar K, Anolay NN. Türk Ceza Kanunu'nda tanımlanan yaralama suçlarının adli tıp açısından değerlendirilmesi rehberi. Erişim tarihi: 22 Kasım 2022. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  16. Négrel AD, Thylefors B. The global impact of eye injuries. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 1998;5(3):143-69. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Altıntaş L, Altıntaş O, Yüksel N, Pirhan D, Ozkan B, Cağlar Y. Pattern of open eye injuries in northwest Turkey: a retrospective study. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2011;17(4):334-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Üstündağ M, Orak M, Güloğlu C, Sayhan MB, Özhasanekler A. Göz yaralanması sonucu acil servise başvuran hastaların geriye dönük incelenmesi [Retrospective evaluation of eye injury victims presented to emergency department]. Turkish Journal of Emergency Medicine. 2007;7(2):64-7. [Link] 
  19. Çakırer D, Güzey M, Dikici K, Tolun H. Göz travması olgularımızın epidemiyolojik incelemesi [Epidemiological analysis of eye trauma cases]. Turkiye Klinikleri J Ophthalmol. 1995;4(1):13-6. [Link] 
  20. Özdemir M, Yaşar T, Şimşek Ş, Durmuş AÇ. Göz travması olgularımızın epidemiyolojik değerlendirmesi [The epidemiologic evaluation of eye injuries]. Van Journal of Medicine. 2002;9(1):6-11. [Link] 
  21. Duman M, Akkan F, Umurhan JC, Eltutar K. Künt göz travmaların klinik değerlendirilmesi [Clinical evaluation of blunt eye traumas]. İstanbul Tıp Derg. 2004;1:22-6. [Link] 
  22. Akça Bayar S, Kayaarası Öztürker Z, Yılmaz G. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of ocular injuries in pediatric patients. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2022;28(5):654-61. English. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  23. Çetin EN, Saraç G, Kaşıkçı A, Avunduk AM, Yaylalı V, Yıldırım, C. Çocukluk çağı açık göz yaralanmalarının epidemiyolojik ve klinik özellikleri [Epidemiologic and clinical features of open-globe injuries in childhood]. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2012;42:16-9. [Crossref] 
  24. Koylu S, Karbeyaz K. Eskişehir Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Adli Tıp Anabilim Dalı'na başvuran adli nitelikli olgular ve alkol ilişkisinin değerlendirilmesi [The evaluation of the relationship between alcohol and forensic cases admitted to Eskişehir Osmangazi University Faculty of Medicine Department of Forensic Medicine]. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2018;41:216-25. [Crossref] 
  25. Çelik Y, Kılıboz T, Doğan B, Garbioğlu A, Şimşek Ü, Karbeyaz K. Adli raporların yaşamsal tehlike kriteri açısından değerlendirilmesi [Evaluation of forensic reports in terms of life-threatining criteria]. Osmangazi Journal of Medicine. 2021;43(4):308-17. [Crossref] 
  26. Çeliksöz AH, Emiral E, Doğan B, Şimşek Ü, Karbeyaz K. Evaluation of bone fractures in forensic qualified cases. J For Med. 2020;34(3):134-40. [Crossref] 
  27. Sarı A, Adıgüzel U, Dinç E, Argın A, Yılmaz A, Öz Ö, et al. Çocukluk çağı delici göz yaralanmalarının epidemiyolojik değerlendirilmesi [Epidemiological evaluation of childhood penetrating eye injuries]. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2008;38:504-9. [Link] 
  28. Çankaya AB, Taşdemir G, Taşdemir S, Zilelioğlu O. Delici göz yaralanması olgularımızın uzun dönem sonuçları ve görsel prognozu etkileyen faktörlerin analizi [Long term results of our penetrating eye injury cases and factors influencing final visual outcome]. Turk J Ophthalmol, 2009;39(3):220-6. [Link] 
  29. Akdemir BB, Oba E, Özel A, Apil A. Penetran travmatik kataraktlı olgularda primer göz içi lens implantasyonu [Primary intraocular lens implantation in penetrating lens trauma]. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2003;33(4-1):569-74. [Link] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com