Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Çocuk Aşıları Karşıtlığı ve Tereddüdünün Dünyadaki Aşı Politikaları ve Türkiye'deki Mevzuat BağlamındaDeğerlendirmesi: Geleneksel Derleme
Evaluation of Child Vaccination Refusal and Hesitancy in the Context of Vaccination Policies in the World and Legislation in Turkey: Traditional Review
Muzaffer Berna DOĞANa , Gözde AKSUCUb , Hasret GÜNEYc
aİstanbul Arel Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
bBeykent Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, İstanbul, Türkiye
cİstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kamu Hukuku ABD, Doktora Programı, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2023;31(2):127-39
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2022-94460
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Aşılama, gelişmiş ülkelerde milyonlarca insanın hayatını kurtaran yaygın bir koruyucu halk sağlığı hizmetleri uygulamasıdır. Aşılar küçük yaşlardan başlayarak patojenlere karşı koruyuculuk ve patojenlerin ortaya çıkardığı hastalık semptomlarının ortaya çıkmamasını sağlamaktadır. Aşılama uygulamalarının, çocukluk çağı hastalıklarının azalmasında önemli rolü vardır. Aşının çocuk ve toplum sağlığı açısından öneminin bilinmesi, aşılama oranlarında da artış olmasına rağmen aşı tereddüdü yaşayan veya aşı karşıtı olan birey sayısı ise her geçen gün artmaktadır. Her ülkenin aşılar ile ilgili tarihsel geçmişinde ve günümüzde aşı tutumları bakımından yaşadıkları süreçlere bağlı olarak zorunlu aşı politikaları konusunda farklı uygulamaları benimsedikleri görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada aşının önemi, aşı karşıtlığı ve tereddüdü kavramları, dünyadaki aşı uygulamaları ve Türkiye'deki mevzuatın değerlendirmesi yapılmıştır. Türkiye'de aşı yapma zorunluluğunun hukuken bir sonuca ulaştırılamamış olmasının bir sonucu olarak günümüzde de çocuklarda aşı karşıtlığı ve tereddüdü konusu gündemdedir. Çocuk aşı karşıtlığında ebeveyn çocuğunun gelecekteki sağlık hakkına etki edecek kararı vermiş olmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bulaşıcı hastalık söz konusu olduğunda toplum sağlığı devreye girmektedir. Dolayısıyla aşı karşıtlığı ve tereddüdünün önlenmesi adına ailelere bu konuda detaylı bilgilendirmeler yapılıp eğitimler verilerek bu sorunun aşılması sağlanabilir. Yine bir caydırıcılık mekanizması olarak mevzuata bu anlamda getirilecek bir yenilik aşı karşıtlığı konusunda hukuki zemin oluşturarak aşı karşıtlığına engel olabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Aşı; bağışıklama programı; aşı karşıtlığı; aşı tereddüdü; çocuk
ABSTRACT
 Vaccination is a standard preventive public health service that saves millions of lives in developed countries. Vaccines protect against pathogens starting from young age and prevent the emergence of symptoms. Vaccination have an essential role in reducing childhood diseases. Despite the importance of the vaccination in children, public health, and the increase in vaccination rates, the number of individuals who are hesitant or against vaccine is increasing. Each country has adopted different practices regarding mandatory vaccination policies depending on the historical past of vaccinations and in terms of vaccination attitudes. This study evaluated the concept of the vaccine refusal and hesitancy, vaccine policies worldwide, and the legislation in Türkiye. The obligation to vaccinate in Türkiye has not been brought to a legal conclusion, and the issue of vaccination refusal and hesitancy in children is currently on the agenda. When there is vaccination refusal, the parent decides their child's health right. Besides, public health comes into consideration regarding contagious diseases. Therefore, providing detailed information and education to families prevents vaccination refusal and hesitancy. Bringing to the legislation as a deterrent mechanism may also create a legal basis for vaccination refusal and avoid vaccination refusal.

Keywords: Vaccine; immunization programme; vaccination refusal; vaccine hesitancy; child
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