Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Cinsel İstismar Mağduru Çocukların Güvenilirliklerini Kısaca DARVO Olarak Adlandırılan Manipülasyon Tekniklerine Başvurup Sarsmaya Çalışan Failler ile Dissosiyatif Belirtiler Sergileyen Mağdur Çocukların Adli Sistemde İfade Güvenilirliği Açısından Değerlendirilmesi: Retrospektif Özgün Araştırma
Victims of Sexual Abuse of Children's Reliability of the Reliability of the So-Called DARVO Manipulation Techniques to Apply and Shake the Perpetrators of the Victims of the Victim of the Judicial System in Terms of the Reliability of the Victims of the Victim's Reliability: Retrospective Original Research
Özgür SAĞLAMa
aİstanbul Üniversitesi-Cerrahpaşa, Adli Tıp ve Adli Bilimler Enstitüsü, Doktora Programı, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2024;21(2):87-95
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2024-102065
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Çalışma cinsel istismar mağduru çocukların ifadelerinin güvenilirliğini sarsmak için DARVO'ya başvuran cinsel istismar faillerinin ve yaşadığı travma sonrası dissosiyatif özellikler sergileyen çocuğun ifadelerinde yaşanılan güvenilirlik sorununa vurgu yapmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma bir çocuk izlem merkezine 2019 yılının ilk altı ayında ifadelerinin alınması amacıyla getirilen 400 çocuk ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çocuk izlem merkezine getirilen 400 çocuğun hepsine ifadeleri alınmadan hemen önce ergen dissosiyatif yaşantılar ölçeği (ADES) uygulanmıştır. Ölçek uygulanan 400 çocuktan 15'inin ergen dissosiyatif yaşantılar ölçeği puanlarının bir dissosiyatif yaşantı içerisinde olduklarına işaret edecek kadar yüksek olduğu fark edilmiştir. Bu süreçte çocukların dosyaları incelenerek adli görüşmeciler tarafından yazılan adli görüşme raporları ile faillerin ifadeleri incelenmiştir. Ardından faillerin kısaca DARVO olarak adlandırılan davranışlara başvurup başvurmadıkları araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada ergenlere ADES uygulanmış ve retrospektif dosya taraması yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmada ADES puanları bir dissosiyatif yaşantı içerisinde olduklarını belirten yaşları on dört ile on yedi arasında değişen on kız ve beş erkek cinsel istismar mağduru çocuk ele alınmıştır. Çocukların alınan ifadeleri sonucunda adli görüşme raporunda; cinsel istismar mağduru çocukların dissosiyatif yaşantı içerisinde oldukları fark edilmediğinden çocukların çelişkili ve tutarsız ifade verdiklerine kanaat getirilip çocukların cinsel istismar olayını yaşamamış olabilecekleri belirtilmiştir. Cinsel istismar mağduru çocukların faillerinin ifadeleri incelendiğinde de faillerin hepsinin kısaca DARVO olarak adlandırılan manipülasyon taktiklerine başvurdukları gözlemlenmiştir. Sonuç: Yaşanılan travma neticesinde dissosiye olan çocuğun fark edilmeyerek ayrıca dissosiyatif yaşantıların özellikleri hakkında bilgi sahibi olunmadan yazılan adli sisteme yardımcı raporların maddi gerçekliğe ulaşmada engel teşkil ettiği tespit edilmiştir. DARVO'ya başvuran cinsel istismar faillerinin karar vericiler üzerinde kafa karışıklığı yarattığı sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: DARVO; dissosiyasyon; mağdur; fail; klinik sosyal hizmet
ABSTRACT
 Objective: The study was conducted to emphasize the reliability problem experienced in the statements of sexual abuse perpetrators who applied to DARVO to undermine the reliability of the statements of children who were victims of sexual abuse and the child who exhibited dissociative features after the trauma he experienced. Material and Methods: The study was conducted with 400 children who were brought to a child monitoring center in the first six months of 2019 to take their statements. The Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES) was administered to all 400 children brought to the child monitoring center just before their statements were taken. It was noticed that the adolescent dissociative experiences scale scores of 15 of the 400 children to whom the scale was applied were high enough to indicate that they were in a dissociative experience. In this process, the children's files were examined and the forensic interview reports written by forensic interviewers and the statements of the perpetrators were examined. Then, it was investigated whether the perpetrators resorted to behaviors called DARVO in short. In the study, ADES was applied to adolescents and a retrospective file review was conducted. Results: In the study, ten female and five male sexual abuse victims, aged between fourteen and seventeen, whose ADES scores indicated that they were in a dissociative experience, were discussed. As a result of the statements taken from the children, in the forensic interview report; Since it was not noticed that children who were victims of sexual abuse were in a dissociative experience, it was concluded that the children gave contradictory and inconsistent statements and it was stated that the children may not have experienced sexual abuse. When the statements of the perpetrators of children who were victims of sexual abuse were examined, it was observed that all of the perpetrators resorted to manipulation tactics called DARVO in short. Conclusion: It has been determined that the reports auxiliary to the judicial system, written without noticing the dissociated child as a result of the trauma, and without being informed about the characteristics of dissociative experiences, constitute an obstacle to reaching the material reality. It was concluded that sexual abuse perpetrators who applied to DARVO created confusion among decision makers.

Keywords: DARVO; dissociation; victim; perpetrator; clinical social work
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