Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Cerrahi Yöntemle Obezite Tedavisi Olan Bireylerin Tedavi Olma Faktörlerinin Analitik Hiyerarşi Prosesi Yöntemiyle İncelenmesi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
Investigation of the Treatment Factors of Individuals with Obesity Treatment with the Analytical Hierarchy Process Method: Descriptive Study
Dolunay Özlem ZEYBEKa , Ekrem SEVİMa , Ramazan ERDEMb
aBandırma Onyedi Eylül Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetimi Bölümü, Balıkesir, Türkiye
bSüleyman Demirel Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi, Sağlık Yönetim Bölümü, Isparta, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(2):316-24
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2022-93932
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Obezite, ''bireylerin sağlığı üzerinde risk oluşturabilecek düzeyde aşırı veya anormal olarak yağ birikmesi'' olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Günümüzde obezite büyüyen bir salgın hâline gelmiştir. Dünyada obez birey sayısı 2020 yılı itibarıyla 764 milyona (%15) ulaşmıştır. Türkiye'de ise 2019 itibarıyla nüfusun %21,1 obezdir. Obezite tedavisinde tıbbi beslenme, egzersiz, davranış değişikliği tedavisi, farmakolojik tedavi ve cerrahi tedavi yöntemleri bulunmaktadır. Tanımlayıcı tipteki bu araştırma, bireylerin obezite tedavisinde cerrahi yöntemleri seçmesinde etkili olan faktörleri belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma 2 aşamada yürütülmüş olup, ilk aşamada literatür taraması ve ardından uzman görüşü ile değerlendirme formu oluşturulmuştur. İkinci aşamada ise elde edilen formun içerisinde yer alan maddeler, katılımcılarla yapılan telefon aracılığıyla yapılan görüşmelerle Saaty'nin 1-9 skalası kullanılarak uzman görüşü ile elde edilen nihai form kullanılarak ''Super Decisions'' programı üzerinde analitik hiyerarşi prosesi modeli oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmaya katılan 24 kişi ile telefon üzerinden iletişim kurularak araştırmacılar tarafından görüşme formu uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Alınan uzman görüşü neticesinde, bireylerin obezite tedavisinde cerrahi yöntemi seçmesini etkileyen; sosyal ilişki, ekonomik durum, günlük yaşam, sağlık ve bireysel özelliklerden oluşan 5 ana faktör ve bunların altında yer alan 19 alt faktör belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin obezite tedavisinde cerrahi yöntemi seçiminde etkili olan 5 faktör sırasıyla %41,16 sağlık kriteri, %22,80 günlük yaşam kriteri, %16,70 bireysel özellik kriteri, %10,30 ekonomik durum kriteri ve %9,07 sosyal ilişki kriteridir. Alt kriterler kendi aralarında değerlendirildiğinde ise fiziksel sağlık önem derecesi en yüksek kriter fiziksel sağlıkta yaşanan sorunlar (%17,60) iken, en düşük kriter estetik kaygı (%1,05) olmuştur. Sonuç: Cerrahi yöntemle obezite tedavisi olan bireylerin tedavi olmalarını etkileyen faktörler; sağlık, günlük yaşam, bireysel özellikler, ekonomik durum ve sosyal ilişkidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Obezite cerrahisi; obezite; analitik hiyerarşi prosesi; super decisions
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Obesity is defined as ''excessive or abnormal fat accumulation that may pose a risk to the health of individuals''. Today, obesity has become a growing epidemic. The number of obese individuals in the world has reached 764 million (15%) by 2020. In Türkiye, as of 2019, 21.1% of the population is obese. There are medical nutrition, exercise, behavior change treatment, pharmacological treatment and surgical treatment methods in the treatment of obesity. This descriptive study was conducted to determine the factors that are effective in choosing surgical methods in the treatment of obesity. Material and Methods: The study was carried out in 2 stages, in the first stage, literature review and then an evaluation form were created with expert opinion. In the second stage, the analytical hierarchy process model was created on the ''Super Decisions'' program by using the items in the obtained form and the final form obtained with expert opinion using the 1- 9 scale of Saaty through telephone interviews with the participants. An interview form was applied by the researchers by contacting 24 people participating in the study over the phone. Results: As a result of the expert opinion, which affects individuals to choose the surgical method in the treatment of obesity; 5 main factors consisting of social relationship, economic situation, daily life, health and individual characteristics and 19 sub-factors under them were determined. According to the results of the study, the 5 factors that are effective in the selection of the surgical method in the treatment of obesity are 41.16% health criteria, 22.80% daily life criteria, 16.70% individual characteristics criteria, 10.30% economic status criteria and 9%, respectively. 07 is the social relationship criterion. When the sub-criteria were evaluated among themselves, the highest criterion for physical health was the problems experienced in physical health (17.60%), while the lowest criterion was aesthetic anxiety (1.05%). Conclusion: Factors affecting the treatment of individuals with obesity treatment by surgical method; health, daily life, individual characteristics, economic status and social relationship.

Keywords: Obesity surgery; obesity; analytical hierarchy process; super decisions
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