Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: RESEARCH
Biyolojik, Sosyal ve Hukuki Açılardan Dondurulmuş Üreme Hücresi ve Embriyo: Türkiye'den Bir Perspektif: Kesitsel Çalışma
Biological, Social and Legal Aspects of Frozen Reproductive Cells and Embryos: A Perspective from Turkey: Cross-Sectional Study
Elif KERVANCIOĞLU DEMİRCİa, Merve BABALIOĞLUb
aİstanbul Üniversitesi İstanbul Tıp Fakültesi, Histoloji ve Embriyoloji ABD, İstanbul, TÜRKİYE
bİzmir Ekonomi Üniversitesi Medical Park Hastanesi, Psikiyatri Kliniği, İzmir, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2022;30(1):1-8
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2021-82196
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Günümüzde tüp bebek teknolojilerinde olan yenilikler, hastalar için umut vaat eden çözümler sağlamaktadır. Bu uygulama esnasında, kadından alınan üreme hücresi olan yumurta hücresi (oosit) ile erkekten alınan üreme hücresi olan sperm laboratuvar ortamında birleştirilmekte ve embriyo denen insan hayatının en erken bebeklik hâlinin oluşması sağlanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Gelişen teknolojilerle sperm, oosit ve embriyo, istenildiği takdirde ileri zamanlarda kullanılmak üzere dondurularak saklanabilmektedir. Embriyonun hukuki açıdan bir birey olup olmadığı dünyada tartışılmakla birlikte, ortak bir mutabakata henüz varılamamıştır. Birçok ülkede olduğu gibi ülkemizde de üreme hücrelerinin toplandığı ve sonradan kullanılmak üzere dondurulduğu yaş aralığı ve tıbbi gerekçelerin belirsizliğiyle dondurulmuş embriyoların biyolojik anneye transfer edilmesi dışındaki seçeneklerin belirsizliği de hem biyolojik hem hukuki hem de psikososyal birtakım sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Bu nedenlerle Türkiye Cumhuriyeti mevzuatında dondurulmuş üreme hücrelerinin, dondurulmuş embriyonun yeri, sağlık alanındaki gelişmelerin sağladığı imkânlar ve dolayısıyla bunların ülkemizde doğurduğu durumlar hasta talepleri açısından, ahlaki ve uzun vadede psikososyal sonuçları açısından değerlendirilmeli ve bilimin getirdiği sonuçlarla hukuki güncellemeler tartışılmalıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dondurarak saklama; embriyo; yasal haklar
ABSTRACT
 Innovations in in vitro fertilization technologies provide promising solutions for patients today. During this procedure, the egg cell (oocyte), the reproductive cell taken from the woman, and the sperm, the reproductive cell from the man, are combined in the laboratory settings and the earliest stage of human life, called embryo, is aimed to be formed. Along with the developing technologies, sperm, oocyte and embryo can be frozen and stored for future use if desired. Even though it is argued throughout the world whether the embryo is legally an individual or not, a common consensus has not been reached yet. In Turkey, like in many countries, the uncertainty of the age range in which the reproductive cells are collected and frozen for later use and of the medical indication and the ambiguity of the options other than transferring the frozen embryos to the biological mother have biological, legal and psychosocial consequences. For these reasons, the Republic of Turkey regulations for the frozen reproductive cells and frozen embryos, the wide range of possibilities as a result of the developments in the field of health technologies and therefore the consequences should be discussed in terms of patient demand, moral and long term psychosocial consequences with legal and scientific updates.

Keywords: Cryopreservation; embryo; legal rights
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