Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Beslenmede İnovasyon: Yapay Zekâ Destekli Kişiselleştirilmiş Beslenme: Tanı ve Tedavideki Gelişmeler
Innovation in Nutrition: Artificial Intelligence Supported Personalized Nutrition: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
Merve ÖZKAYAa , Mustafa Volkan YILMAZa , Esma ASİLa
aAnkara Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Beslenme ve Diyetetik Bölümü, Ankara, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2023;8(4):709-16
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-98623
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağlığın korunmasında ve sürdürülmesinde beslenmenin önemi her geçen gün daha iyi anlaşılmaktadır. Bireylere, kişiye özel yani kişiselleştirilmiş beslenme önerilerinin yapılması yaşam boyu sürdürülebilecek sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıklarının kazandırılmasında büyük önem taşımaktadır. Teknolojik gelişmeler, kişiselleştirilmiş beslenmenin yapay zekâ aracılığıyla daha hızlı gelişmesini sağlamıştır. Sağlıklı beslenmenin ve besin tüketiminin saptanmasına yönelik hazırlanan yapay zekâ destekli uygulamalar ile kişisel giyilebilir cihaz kullanımı gün geçtikçe yaygınlaşmaktadır. Beslenme alanında geliştirilen yapay zekâ destekli uygulamalar; bireylere/hastalara kişiselleştirilmiş beslenme önerileri sunmak için gerekli verilerin toplanmasında, toplanan bu verilerinin analiz edilerek kişiye özel tedavi verilmesinde rol oynamaktadır. Ayrıca bu uygulamalar ve cihazlar tıbbi nesnelerin interneti ile birbirleriyle bilgileri paylaşmakta ve bireylerin/hastaların beslenme durumları ile ilgili daha somut veriler elde etmektedir. Tıbbi nesnelerin interneti sağlık uzmanlarının hastaları uzaktan takip edebilmelerine ve hastaların tedavilerini uzaktan yönetebilmelerine de yardımcı olmaktadır. Yapay zekâ uygulamaları ile elde edilen veriler beslenmenin kişiselleştirilmesine olanak sağlayarak, sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlığının kazandırılmasını ve bu davranışın sürdürülebilir hâle gelmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Ayrıca uzun vadede yapay zekâ uygulamaları ile hazırlanan kişiselleştirilmiş beslenmenin zaman ve maddi tasarruf sağlayarak, sağlık sisteminin yükünü azaltabileceği düşünülmektedir. Bu derlemede, sağlık verilerini izleyen cihazların, akıllı telefon uygulamalarının kişiselleştirilmiş beslenme uygulamalarında kullanımı, bireylere sağlıklı beslenme alışkanlıkları kazandırmadaki etkileri, gelişim aşamasındaki projeler ve yapay zekâ kullanımı için yapılması gerekenler tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kişiselleştirilmiş beslenme; nütrigenomikler; yapay zekâ; beslenme durumu
ABSTRACT
 The importance of nutrition in the protection and maintenance of health is better understood day by day. Making personalized nutrition recommendations for individuals is essential in gaining healthy eating habits that can be sustained throughout life. Technological advances have helped personalized nutrition begin to develop faster through artificial intelligence. The use of personal wearable devices is becoming more common daily, with artificial intelligencesupported applications prepared for determining healthy nutrition and food consumption. Artificial intelligence-supported applications developed in the field of nutrition; plays a role in collecting the necessary data to provide personalized nutritional recommendations to individuals/patients and in providing personalized treatment by analyzing this collected data. In addition, these applications and devices share information through the internet of medical objects and obtain more concrete data about the nutritional status of individuals. The internet of medical things also helps healthcare professionals remotely monitor and manage patients' treatments. The data obtained with artificial intelligence applications allows the personalization of nutrition, making it easier to gain healthy eating habits and make this behavior sustainable. In addition, it is thought that personalized nutrition prepared with artificial intelligence applications in the long term can reduce the burden on the health system by saving time and money. In this review, the use of devices that monitor health data, smartphone applications in personalized nutrition applications, their effects on individuals gaining healthy eating habits, projects in the development stage, and what needs to be done to use artificial intelligence are discussed.

Keywords: Personalized nutrition; nutrigenomics; artificial intelligence; nutritional status
REFERENCES:
  1. Knowler WC, Barrett-Connor E, Fowler SE, Hamman RF, Lachin JM, Walker EA, et al; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393-403. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Mathers JC. Paving the way to better population health through personalised nutrition. EFSA J. 2019;17(Suppl 1):e170713. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Ordovas JM, Ferguson LR, Tai ES, Mathers JC. Personalised nutrition and health. BMJ. 2018;361:bmj.k2173. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Soldevila-Domenech N, Boronat A, Langohr K, de la Torre R. N-of-1 clinical trials in nutritional interventions directed at improving cognitive function. Front Nutr. 2019;6:110. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Xu BP, Shi H. Precision nutrition: concept, evolution, and future vision. Precision Nutrition. 2022;1(1):1-3. [Crossref] 
  6. Adams SH, Anthony JC, Carvajal R, Chae L, Khoo CSH, Latulippe ME, et al. Perspective: guiding principles for the implementation of personalized nutrition approaches that benefit health and function. Adv Nutr. 2020;11(1):25-34. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Camp KM, Trujillo E. Position of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics: nutritional genomics. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2014;114(2):299-312. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Wang C, Kumar T, Markvoort G, Caby J, Hallez H, Vanrumste B. Eating activity monitoring in home environments using smartphone-based video recordings. International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA). Sydney, Australia; 2022. p.1-5. [Crossref] 
  9. Nosratabadi S, Mosavi A, Keivani R, Ardabili S, Aram F. State of the art survey of deep learning and machine learning models for smart cities and urban sustainability. arXiv. 2020:1-8. [Crossref] 
  10. Kaushik A, Khan R, Solanki P, Gandhi S, Gohel H, Mishra YK. From nanosystems to a biosensing prototype for an efficient diagnostic: a special issue in honor of professor bansi d. malhotra. Biosensors (Basel). 2021;11(10):359. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. Manickam P, Mariappan SA, Murugesan SM, Hansda S, Kaushik A, Shinde R, et al. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) Assisted Biomedical Systems for Intelligent Healthcare. Biosensors (Basel). 2022;12(8):562. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  12. Rehman A, Saba T, Haseeb K, Marie-Sainte SL, Lloret J. Energy-Efficient IoT e-Health Using Artificial Intelligence Model with Homomorphic Secret Sharing. Energies. 2021;14(19):6414. [Crossref] 
  13. Karakan T, Gundogdu A, Alagözlü H, Ekmen N, Ozgul S, Beyazgul D, et al. Artificial Intelligence based personalized diet: a pilot clinical study for IBS. medRxiv. 2021. [Crossref] 
  14. Kodama S, Fujihara K, Horikawa C, Kitazawa M, Iwanaga M, Kato K, et al. Predictive ability of current machine learning algorithms for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis. J Diabetes Investig. 2022;13(5):900-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  15. Wang Y, Lu CD, Chen W, Wang Q, Jiang H. Digital twin enabled personalized nutrition. Precision Nutrition. 2023;2(1):e00030. [Crossref] 
  16. IBM [Internet]. [Cited: May 05, 2022]. How does a digital twin work?. Available from: [Link] 
  17. Wilson-Barnes S, Gymnopoulos LP, Dimitropoulos K, Solachidis V, Rouskas K, Russell D, et al. PeRsOnalised nutriTion for hEalthy livINg: The PROTEIN project. Nutrition Bulletin. 2021;46(1):77-87. [Crossref] 
  18. Boland M, Alam F, Bronlund J. Modern technologies for personalized nutrition. In: Galanakis CM, ed. Trends in Personalized Nutrition. 1st ed. Elsevier; 2019. p.195-222. [Crossref] 
  19. Cade JE. Measuring diet in the 21st century: use of new technologies. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017;76(3):276-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  20. Diou C, Kyritsis K, Papapanagiotou V, Sarafis I. Intake monitoring in free-living conditions: overview and lessons we have learned. Appetite. 2022;176:106096. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  21. Murai U, Tajima R, Matsumoto M, Sato Y, Horie S, Fujiwara A, et al. Validation of dietary intake estimated by web-based dietary assessment methods and usability using dietary records or 24-h dietary recalls: a scoping review. Nutrients. 2023;15(8):1816. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. Sekar M, Sriramprabha R, Sekhar PK, Bhansali S, Ponpandian N, Ramasamy S, et al. Review-towards wearable sensor platforms for the electrochemical detection of cortisol. Journal of The Electrochemical Society. 2020;167:067508. [Crossref] 
  23. Budiono I, Rahayu T, Soegiyanto, Kurnia AR. Use of "Nutriatlet" smartphone application-based personalized nutrition program to improve energy consumption, body mass index, and body fat percentage among martial arts athletes. The Journal of Physical Fitness and Sports Medicine. 2019;8(1):29-35. [Crossref] 
  24. Papapanagiotou V, Ganotakis S, Delopoulos A. Bite-weight estimation using commercial ear buds. arXiv. 2021. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Neves PA, Simões J, Costa R, Pimenta L, Gonçalves NJ, Albuquerque C, et al. Thought on food: a systematic review of current approaches and challenges for food intake detection. Sensors (Basel). 2022;22(17):6443. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  26. Wang C, Kumar TS, De Raedt W, Camps G, Hallez H, Vanrumste B. Drinking gesture detection using wrist-worn imu sensors with multi-stage temporal convolutional network in free-living environments. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2022;2022:1778-82. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Fan K, Zhao Y. Mobile health technology: a novel tool in chronic disease management. Intelligent Medicine. 2022;2(1):41-7. [Crossref] 
  28. Karimi N, Opie R, Crawford D, O'Connell S, Hamblin PS, Steele C, et al. Participants' and health care providers' insights regarding a web-based and mobile-delivered healthy eating program for disadvantaged people with type 2 diabetes: descriptive qualitative study. JMIR Form Res. 2023;7:e37429. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  29. Schippers M, Adam PC, Smolenski DJ, Wong HT, de Wit JB. A meta-analysis of overall effects of weight loss interventions delivered via mobile phones and effect size differences according to delivery mode, personal contact, and intervention intensity and duration. Obes Rev. 2017;18(4):450-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. Celis-Morales C, Livingstone KM, Petermann-Rocha F, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, O'Donovan CB, et al; Food4Me Study. Frequent nutritional feedback, personalized advice, and behavioral changes: findings from the European Food4Me internet-based RCT. Am J Prev Med. 2019;57(2):209-19. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Żarnowski A, Jankowski M, Gujski M. Use of mobile apps and wearables to monitor diet, weight, and physical activity: a cross-sectional survey of adults in Poland. Med Sci Monit. 2022;28:e937948. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Susanto AP, Winarto H, Fahira A, Abdurrohman H, Muharram AP, Widitha UR, et al. Building an artificial intelligence-powered medical image recognition smartphone application: what medical practitioners need to know. Informatics in Medicine Unlocked. 2022;32:101017. [Crossref] 
  33. Kamruzzaman MM, Alrashdi I, Alqazzaz A. New opportunities, challenges, and applications of edge-AI for connected healthcare in internet of medical things for smart cities. J Healthc Eng. 2022;2022:2950699. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Ramírez-Contreras C, Farran-Codina A, Zerón-Rugerio MF, Izquierdo-Pulido M. Relative validity and reliability of the remind app as an image-based method to assess dietary intake and meal timing in young adults. Nutrients. 2023;15(8):1824. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  35. Timsina P, Joshi HN, Cheng FY, Kersch I, Wilson S, Colgan C, et al. MUST-Plus: a machine learning classifier that improves malnutrition screening in acute care facilities. J Am Coll Nutr. 2021;40(1):3-12. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  36. Jin BT, Choi MH, Moyer MF, Kim DA. Predicting malnutrition from longitudinal patient trajectories with deep learning. PLoS One. 2022;17(7):e0271487. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  37. Arslan AÇ, Gündoğdu A, Tunali V, Topgül OH, Beyazgül D, Nalbatoğlu ÖU. Efficacy of AI-assisted personalized microbiome modulation by diet in functional constipation: a randomized controlled trial. medRxiv. 2022. [Crossref] 
  38. Monlezun DJ, Carr C, Niu T, Nordio F, DeValle N, Sarris L, et al. Meta-analysis and machine learning-augmented mixed effects cohort analysis of improved diets among 5847 medical trainees, providers and patients. Public Health Nutr. 2022;25(2):281-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  39. Lehne M, Sass J, Essenwanger A, Schepers J, Thun S. Why digital medicine depends on interoperability. npj Digital Medicine. 2019;2(1). [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  40. Brown B. Heartbeat electrical signature protects medical records. Health Tech Insider. November 27, 2017. Available from: [Link] 
  41. Vellido A. Societal issues concerning the application of artificial intelligence in medicine. Kidney Dis (Basel). 2019;5(1):11-7. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  42. Castagno S, Khalifa M. Perceptions of artificial intelligence among healthcare staff: a qualitative survey study. Front Artif Intell. 2020;3:578983. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  43. Ardini W, Bardosono S. Personalized Nutrition: How to make it possible? World Nutrition Journal. 2019;3(1):1-4. [Crossref] 
  44. O'Donovan CB, Walsh MC, Nugent AP, McNulty B, Walton J, Flynn A, et al. Use of metabotyping for the delivery of personalised nutrition. Mol Nutr Food Res. 2015;59(3):377-85. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  45. Rollo ME, Haslam RL, Collins CE. Impact on dietary intake of two levels of technology-assisted personalized nutrition: a randomized trial. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):3334. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  46. Abrahams M, Matusheski NV. Personalised nutrition technologies: a new paradigm for dietetic practice and training in a digital transformation era. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2020;33(3):295-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  47. Abrahams M, Frewer LJ, Bryant E, Stewart-Knox B. Personalised nutrition technologies and innovations: a cross-national survey of registered dietitians. Public Health Genomics. 2019;22(3-4):119-31. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  48. Hickson M, Child J, Collinson A. Future Dietitian 2025: informing the development of a workforce strategy for dietetics. J Hum Nutr Diet. 2018;31(1):23-32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  49. van de Sande D, Van Genderen ME, Smit JM, Huiskens J, Visser JJ, Veen RER, vet al. Developing, implementing and governing artificial intelligence in medicine: a step-by-step approach to prevent an artificial intelligence winter. BMJ Health Care Inform. 2022;29(1):e100495. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com