Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

.: REVIEW
Bebeklik Döneminde Gelişim Parametreleri ve Oral Motor Gelişimin İncelenmesi
Examination of Developmental Parameters and Oral Motor Development in Infancy
Zeynep ARIKANa, Ayşe Kübra ŞAHANa, Akmer MUTLUa
aHacettepe Üniversitesi Fizik Tedavi ve Rehabilitasyon Fakültesi, Ankara, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2020;29(1):27-38
doi: 10.5336/pediatr.2019-70263
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bebeklik dönemi olarak tanımlanan 0-3 yaş dönemi, beyin gelişimi açısından büyük bir öneme sahip olup, öğrenmeye en fazla açık olunan ve tüm gelişim alanlarındaki becerilerin temellerinin atıldığı dönemdir. Bu dönemde kaba motor, ince motor, kognitif, sosyal, dil ve oral motor gelişim bir bütün olarak incelenir ve gelişim tipik bir sıralama, patern ve zamanlama ile gerçekleşir. Her motor gelişim basamağının bir amacı vardır ve çocuğun gelişimine katkı sağlar. Gelişimin ilk aşamasında refleksler görülür ve bu refleksler zamanla yerini reaksiyonlara bırakır. Motor gelişim sırası, sadece tipik gelişimi değil, aynı zamanda çocuğun atipik gelişimini de anlamak için bir temel sunmakla birlikte, bu gelişim sırası bebeklerde motor gecikmeleri ve eksiklikleri değerlendirmek ve tedavi etmek için temeldir. Bebeklik döneminde normal gelişim basamaklarının motor, kognitif, sosyal, dil ve oral motor açıdan bir bütün olarak incelenmesi, normalden/tipik gelişimden sapmaların erken dönemde tanı ve müdahalesi açısından önemlidir. Bu parametrelerden bir veya birkaçında görülen atipik gelişim diğer parametreler açısından risk belirtisidir. Bu nedenle bahsedilen parametrelerde görülen atipik gelişim bulgusu bebeğin bir bütün olarak değerlendirilmesi ve gerektiğinde ilgili sağlık profesyoneline yönlendirilmesi açısından kritiktir. Bu çalışmada, 0-3 yaş dönemde tipik ve atipik gelişim basamakları tanımlanarak, pediatrik rehabilitasyon alanında çalışan fizyoterapistlere gelişimsel ve oral motor fonksiyonları bir bütün olarak inceleyen bir kaynak sunulması amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bebek; büyüme ve gelişim; çocuk gelişimi
ABSTRACT
 The first 3 years age, is called as infancy period, is a very important period for learning ability and basis for the skills concerning the developmental stages. Gross motor, fine motor, cognitive, social, language and oral motor development are examined as developmental parameters and occur according to a typical sequence, pattern and timing. Each stage of the motor developmental sequence has purpose and contribute to the overall development of the child. Reflexes are seen in the first stage of development and these reflexes are replaced by reactions over time. The motor developmental sequence offers a basis for understanding not only typical development, but also atypical development of the infant, this developmental sequence could be used as a basis for evaluating and treating motor delays and deficiencies in infants. Investigation of normal developmental milestones in infancy as a whole in terms of motor, cognitive, social, language and oral motor are important for early diagnosis and intervention of deviations from normal/typical development. Atypical development in one or more of these parameters is a sign of risk for other parameters. Therefore, the finding of atypical development seen in these parameters is critical in terms of evaluating the infant as a whole and referring it to the relevant health Professional when necessary. The aim of this study is to describe the typical and atypical developmental milestones in the 0-3 years period and to provide a reference including developmental and oral motor functions together for physiotherapists working in pediatric rehabilitation field.

Keywords: Infant; growth and development; child development
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