Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

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Batılı Bilim İnsanlarının Gözünden Türk İslam Tıbbı'na Bir Bakış
A View from Eyes of Western Scientists Upon Turkish-Islamic Medicine
Fevzi Sefa DEREKÖYa,b
aTıp Tarihi ve Etik AD, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi,
bKulak Burun Boğaz Hastalıkları Kliniği, Odyoloji Bölümü, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart Üniversitesi Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Çanakkale, TÜRKİYE
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2019;27(2):155-61
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2018-64096
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
Yayın hakkına TÜBİTAK'ın sahip olduğu, 1995-2003 yılları arasında 19 kez basılan ve bilimin öncü kişilerini konu alan "Bilim Öncüleri" adlı kitapta, hiçbir Türk-İslam bilginine yer verilmediği gibi; MÖ 192'de vefat etmiş İskenderiyeli Eratosthenes ile 1452 yılında doğmuş Leonardo da Vinci arasında da hiçbir bilim insanından söz edilmemiştir. Hâlbuki artık Batı'da bile geleneksel olarak öne çıkarılan ve Copernicus-Galileo-Newton üçlüsü ile başlatılan Bilim Devrimi'nin klasik anlatımı tepkiyle karşılanmaktadır. ABD Columbia Üniversitesinden George Saliba'nın vurguladığı gibi, Batı Rönesans ve Modern Bilim'in ruhunun Copernicus'un çalışmaları ile kristalleştiği varsayılıyorsa; o hâlde Modern Bilim'in Türk-İslam Dünyası'nda yüzyıllar önce kurulmuş olduğu kanaatine varabilmektedir. Astronom ve din adamı olan Copernicus'un aynı zamanda da bir tıp-hekimi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Son yıllarda yayımlanan bir makalede, Copernicus'un 1500'lü yıllarda tıp eğitimi aldığı Padua Tıp Okulunda İbn-i Sina'nın eserlerinin okutulduğu ve ünlü astronomun reçetelerinde İbn-i Sina'nın kullandığı ilaçlara yer verdiği görülmektedir. Literatürde, İngilizce yayımlanan pek çok makalede, Türk-İslam Tıbbı'nın Batı Tıp Okulu'na büyük katkılar sağladığı bildirilmektedir. Buna karşılık 1665'li yıllarda bir İngiliz hekim, cadılık ve büyücülükle ilgili yayımladığı tezinde, bitlerin çocukların baş ağrılarına ve ateşli hastalıklarına sağladıkları yararlardan söz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, başta bilim tarihçisi George Sarton olmak üzere, tıp tarihçisi Jacalyn Duffin gibi bazı Batılı bilim insanlarının bakış açılarından Türk-İslam hekimlerinin sunduğu katkıların ele alınması amaçlanmıştır. Bu gerçeklerin ışığında, ülkemizde yeniden bir bilim tarihi yazım seferberliği düzenlenmelidir. Genç nesillerin bu kıymetli mazinin temelinde ileriye güvenle bakışının sağlanması gerekmektedir. Karşılaştırmalı tarih bakışı bu amaca hizmet edecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk-İslam tıp tarihi; Türk-İslam hekimleri; Batılı bilim insanları; bilim tarihindeki ön yargılar
ABSTRACT
As no Turkish-Islamic scientists were included in a book whose right of printing belongs to TÜBİTAK and published for 19th times between the years 1995-2003, any scientists were not mentioned yet between Eratosthenes of Alexandria died in 192 BC and Leonardo da Vinci born in 1452. However the classic highlighted expression of scientific revolution started with the trio Copernicus-Galileo-Newton has been met with reaction even in the West. As George Saliba from Columbia University of US emphasized, if the spirit of Western Renaissance and modern science was assumed to be cristallized with the studies of Copernicus, then we are convinced that modern science had been founded in Islamic World centuries ago. It was revealed that Copernicus, an astronomer and clergyman was also medical doctor. In an article published recently, it was seen that Avicenna's works had been taught in Padua University in which Copernicus trained in the years of 1500 and that in his recipe, the famous astronomer included the drugs which Avicenna used. In many articles published in English literature, it has been admitted that Turkish-Islamic Medicine gave great contributions to Western Medicine School. On the contrary, in his published thesis about witch and sorcerer, an English doctor talked about benefits of lice in headaches and febril illnesses of children around the year 1665. In our study, the contributions given by Turkish-Islamic doctors were evaluated mainly in the viewpoints of George Sarton, science historian and some other Western scientists such as Jacalyn Duffin, medical historian. In the light of those realities, for rewriting a science history, a campaign is required again in our country. On the basis of this precious past, it should be provided that young generations look forward confidently. Comparative understanding of history will serve this purpose.

Keywords: Turkish-Islamic medicine history; Turkish-Islamic doctors; Western scientists; prejudices in science history
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