Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: REVIEW
Bağımlılıkta Aşerme ve Nüks Üzerinde Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonunun Klinik ve Nörobiyolojik Etkisi Çalışmalarının Derlenmesi: Geleneksel Derleme
Cognitive Bias Modification in Addiction Research: Clinical and Neurobiological Effects on Craving and Relapse: Traditional Review
Sevgül TÜRKOĞLUa
aKıbrıs İlim Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari ve Sosyal Bilimler Fakültesi, Psikoloji Bölümü, Deneysel Psikoloji ABD, Girne, KKTC
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(3):628-34
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-99530
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Bağımlılıkta önemli yeri olan ve örtük bilişsel süreçler içinde yer alan bilişsel yanlılığı manipüle etmek amaçlı Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonu eğitim programı geliştirilmiştir. Bu eğitim programının temel hedefi, bağımlılık yapıcı maddeye karşı bilişsel yanlılık geliştirmiş olan hastaların bilişsel kalıplarını doğrudan değiştirerek aşerme ve nüksü önlemektir. Bilişsel yanlılığı değiştirebilmek için tasarlanan bu eğitim, dikkat yanlılığı veya yaklaşım yanlılığını manipüle etme yoluyla uygulanabilmektedir. Bu derleme makalesinde, Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonu eğitiminin aşerme ve nüks üzerindeki davranışsal ve nörolojik etkilerini inceleyen çalışmalar özetlenmiştir. İlgili literatüre göre alkol-madde Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonu eğitimi kişilerin aşerme seviyelerini azaltıcı özelliğe sahiptir. Ayrıca eğitim programı nüksü önleme ve/veya geciktirme üzerinde etkilidir. Nörobiyolojik açıdan eğitim programının istenmeyen davranışı kontrol etmeden sorumlu mediyal prefrontal bölgeyi aktive ettiği bulunmuştur. Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonu eğitim programı kavramsal olarak kanıtlanmıştır. Bundan sonraki konuyla ilgili yapılacak olan çalışmalar randomize kontrollü ve olası klinik etkiyi araştırma üzerine yapılmalıdır. Günümüzde, Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonu çalışmalarının küçük örneklem gruplarıyla çalışılması programın etkinliğinin genellenebilirliğini düşürmektedir. Bu nedenle, Bilişsel Yanlılık Modifikasyonu'nun her zamanki tedaviye ek olarak destekleyici tedavi şeklinde uygulanması için kontrollü ve büyük örnekleme sahip çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır. Bağımlılık yapıcı maddenin düzenli olarak kullanımı maddeyle ilgili uyarana kişinin hassaslaşarak daha hızlı fark etmesine neden olur. Örtük olarak gerçekleşen bu bilişsel süreç bilişsel yanlılık olarak adlandırılır. Bilişsel yanlılık aşerme ve nüks riski ile pozitif ilişkilidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Bilişsel yanlılık modifikasyonu; dikkat yanlılığı; yaklaşım yanlılığı; bağımlılık; nüks
ABSTRACT
 Cognitive Bias Modification (CBM) has been developed to manipulate cognitive bias that play an important role in addiction research and are part of the implicit cognitive process. The primary goal of this training program is to directly modify the cognitive patterns of patients who have developed cognitive bias towards addictive subtances in order to prevent craving and relapse. CBM can be implemented by manipulating attentional bias or approach bias to modify cognitive bias. This review summarizes studies that examine the behavioral and neurological effects of CBM on craving and relapse. According to the relevant literature, CBM training for alcohol and subtance addiction has been found to reduce craving level. Additionally, the program is effective in preventing or delaying relapse. Neurobiologically, CBM has been found to activate the medial prefrontal cortex region where is responsible for controlling and inhibiting behavior. Moreover, CBM training has been conceptually proven. Future studies on this topic should be conducted using randomized controlled trials to investigate the potentional clinical effects. Currently, CBM studies with small sample size limit the generalizability of the program effectiveness. Therefore, controlled studies with large sample size are needed to apply CBM as a supportive treatment in addiction to treament as usual. Regular use of addictive products facilities the recognition of the substance-related stimuli faster. This cognitive process is called as a cognitive bias. Cognitive bias is positively correlated with craving and relapse.

Keywords: Cognitive bias modification; attentional bias; apporach bias; addiction; relapse
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www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

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