Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Pediatrics

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Astımlı Çocuklarda İnhaler Eğitiminin ve Kullanım Davranışının Beceriyi Geliştirme Üzerindeki Etkisi: Tanımlayıcı Araştırma
The Effect of Inhaler Education and Inhaler Use Behavior on Skill Development in Asthmatic Children: Descriptive Research
Emel YÜRÜKa , Aslıhan HACISALİHOĞLUa
aÇukurova Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Adana, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Pediatr. 2024;33(3):97-106
doi: 10.5336/pediatr.2024-106009
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Astım, çocuklarda önemli bir sağlık sorunu olup, doğru inhaler kullanımının semptom kontrolünü iyileştirdiği ve atakların sıklığını azalttığı bilinmektedir. Ancak, inhaler cihazlarının doğru kullanılmaması tedavi etkinliğini düşürmekte ve çocuklarda gereksiz sağlık sorunlarına yol açmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, astımlı çocuklara hemşireler tarafından verilen inhaler kullanım eğitimlerinin ve çocukların inhaler kullanma davranışlarının, inhaler kullanma becerisine etkisini incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışma, 30 Mart-30 Haziran 2024 tarihleri arasında Adana Şehir Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesinde gerçekleştirilmiş ve 120 hasta arasından 102'si çalışmaya katılmayı kabul etmiştir. Veri toplama araçları olarak Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu, Ölçülü Doz İnhaler Kullanma Beceri Çizelgesi ve Planlı Davranış Teorisi İnhaler Kullanım Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların %42,2'si kadın, %57,8'i erkektir ve yaş ortalaması 12,51 yıldır. Eğitim öncesi İnhaler Kullanımı Beceri Ölçeği puanı 6,28, eğitim sonrası ise 9,47 olarak bulundu. Eğitim sonrası Ölçülü Doz İnhaler Kullanma Beceri Çizelgesi puanları anlamlı şekilde artarken inhaler türleri arasında grup içi karşılaştırmalarda istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık görülmedi. Eğitim öncesinde yapılan hatalar arasında nefes verildikten sonra ikinci doz için 30 sn beklenmesi, inhalerin çalkalanması ve başın dik tutulması yer aldığı bulundu. Eğitim öncesinde Ölçülü Doz İnhaler Kullanma Beceri Çizelgesi skoru ile Planlı Davranış Teorisi İnhaler Kullanım Ölçeği arasında orta düzeyde pozitif bir ilişki tespit edilirken, eğitim sonrası bu ilişki değişkenlik göstermedi. Sonuç: Çocukların inhaler kullanımı sırasında yaptıkları teknik hataların, hemşirelerin verdiği eğitimle azaltılabileceği ve bu sayede inhaler kullanma becerisinin artırılabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ayrıca, inhaler kullanım becerisinin geliştirilmesi ile astım kontrolünün iyileşmesi arasındaki pozitif ilişki, hasta eğitimlerinin önemini bir kez daha ortaya koymaktadır. Elde edilen bulgular, astım tedavisinde hasta eğitiminin standart bir uygulama hâline getirilmesinin gerekliliğini açıkça göstermektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Astım; ölçülü doz salınım yapan inhaler; hemşirelik eğitimi
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Asthma is a significant health problem in children, and it is known that correct inhaler use improves symptom control and reduces the frequency of attacks. However, improper use of inhaler devices reduces treatment effectiveness and causes unnecessary health problems in children. The aim of this study is to examine the effects of inhaler use training given by nurses to asthmatic children and the children's inhaler use behaviors on inhaler use skills. Material and Methods: The study was conducted between March 30 and June 30, 2024, at Adana City Training and Research Hospital, and 102 out of 120 patients agreed to participate in the study. Data collection tools included the Introductory Information Form, the Metered-Dose Inhaler Use Skill Checklist, and the Theory of Planned Behavior Inhaler Use Scale. Results: 42.2% of the participants were female, and 57.8% were male, with a mean age of 12.51 years. The pre-training Metered-Dose Inhaler Use Skill Checklist score was found to be 6.28, while the post-training score was 9.47. While post-training Metered-Dose Inhaler Use Skill Checklist scores significantly increased, no statistically significant differences were observed in intra-group comparisons between different types of inhalers. Among the mistakes made before the training were waiting 30 seconds for the second dose after exhaling, shaking the inhaler, and keeping the head upright. A moderate positive correlation was found between the pre-training Metered-Dose Inhaler Use Skill Checklist score and the Theory of Planned Behavior Inhaler Use Scale, and this relationship did not vary after the training. Conclusion: It was concluded that technical errors made by children during inhaler use could be reduced with the education provided by nurses and thus inhaler use skills could be increased. In addition, the positive relationship between the development of inhaler use skills and improved asthma control once again demonstrates the importance of patient education. The findings clearly demonstrate the need to make patient education a standard practice in asthma treatment.

Keywords: Asthma; metered dose inhalers; nursing education
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