Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Ethics-Law and History

.: REVIEW
Anadolu'da Misyoner Hemşireler: Geleneksel Derleme
Missionary Nurses in Anatolia: Traditional Review
Dilek SARIa , Azize ÖZDAŞb
aEge Üniversitesi Hemşirelik Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Esasları AD, İzmir, Türkiye
bAfyonkarahisar Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Hemşirelik Esasları AD, Afyonkarahisar, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Ethics. 2024;32(3):197-204
doi: 10.5336/mdethic.2023-100847
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Misyon kelimesi amaç, görev anlamının yanında dinin yayılması için yürütülen faaliyetleri de belirtmektedir. Misyoner ise bu dinsel faaliyetlerin yürütülmesi için gönderilen rahip, rahibe, öğretmen, hekim, ebe ve rahibe hemşire gibi toplumla doğrudan etkileşime girebilecek kişilere denilmektedir. Anadolu'da misyonerlik faaliyetleri Osmanlı Dönemi'nde 1500'lü yıllarda kapitülasyonlar nedeniyle başlamıştır. Misyonerlik başlangıçta dinsel faaliyetler olarak nitelendirilmiş olsa da ülkeler arasında sağlık, ekonomi, ticaret ve uluslararası ilişkiler gibi alanlarda etkileşimin artırılması amacıyla yürütülmüştür. Misyonerlik faaliyetleri arasında önemli görülen alandan birisi tıbbi misyonerlik olmuştur. Sağlık hizmetlerine dönemin salgın hastalıkları, savaşları gibi nedenlerle daha fazla ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Sağlık hizmetinin verilebilmesi için Anadolu'da misyon hastaneleri, dispanserleri ve eczaneleri açılmıştır. Tıbbi misyonerlik faaliyetleri için görev alan hekimler sağlık hizmetlerinin etkin şekilde sunulması için rahibe hemşirelerin ülkeye getirilmesinde ve yetiştirilmesinde etkili olmuştur. Dönemin sağlık hizmetlerinin yetersiz kalması, salgın hastalıkların, savaşların olması ve ekonomik koşulların yetersiz olması gibi nedenlerle hasta bakımında rahibe hemşirelere oldukça ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Bu nedenle hemşirelik kursları ve okulları açılarak rahibe hemşire sayısının artırılması amaçlanmıştır. Sağlık hizmetini alamayan, hastanelere gelemeyen kişilerin evlerine ziyarete giden rahibe hemşireler, Anadolu'da hemşirelik mesleğinin tanıtımını sağlamış, dönemin sosyal yaşamında aktif rol alamayan kadınla etkileşim sağlanmıştır. Rahibe hemşirelerin misyon hastanelerinde görev yapması klasik hemşireliğin oluşmasına neden olurken, zamanla yürütülen faaliyetler kapsamında hemşirelik eğitiminin standartlaştırılması ve eğitimin üniversite düzeyine taşınması, mesleki örgütlenmenin oluşturulması gibi faaliyetlerle profesyonel hemşireliğin gelişimine katkı sunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Hemşirelik tarihi; misyoner hemşire; tıbbi misyonerlik; Anadolu'da misyonerlik faaliyetleri
ABSTRACT
 The word ''mission'' not only conveys the meanings of purpose and duty but also signifies activities conducted for the spread of religion. A missionary refers to individuals sent to carry out these religious activities, such as priests, nuns, teachers, doctors, midwives, and nurse nuns, who can directly interact with the community. Missionary activities in Anatolia began in the Ottoman Period in the 1500s due to capitulations. While missionary work was initially characterized as religious activities, it was also carried out to enhance interaction between countries in areas such as health, economy, commerce, and international relations. One of the significant areas seen in missionary activities is medical missionary work. Health services were needed more due to reasons such as epidemic wars of the period. To provide health services, missionary hospitals, dispensaries, and pharmacies were opened in Anatolia. Physicians assigned to medical missionary work played a crucial role in bringing and training nurse nuns to effectively deliver health services. Due to inadequate health services of the period, the existence of epidemic diseases, wars, and insufficient economic conditions, there was a significant need for nurse nuns in patient care. Therefore, nursing courses and schools were opened to increase the number of nurse nuns. Nurse nuns visiting the homes of individuals who could not access health services or hospitals contributed to the promotion of the nursing profession in Anatolia and facilitated interaction with women who were not actively involved in the social life of the period. While the presence of nurse nuns in mission hospitals led to the formation of classical nursing, activities carried out over time, such as standardizing nursing education, elevating nursing education to university level, and attempting to establish professional organization, contributed to the development of professional nursing.

Keywords: Nursing history; missionary nurse; medical missionary; missionary activities in Anatolia
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Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com