Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
An Evaluation on Psychosocial Problems Experienced by Cancer Patients During the Treatment Process: Qualitative Study
Kanser Hastalarının Tedavi Sürecinde Yaşadığı Psikososyal Sorunlar Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme: Nitel Araştırma
Esra SAVAŞa , Sümeyye ÖZMENb
aYeditepe University Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, İstanbul, Türkiye
bBurdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Department of Health Management, Burdur, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(2):387-400
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-100197
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to explore in-depth the experiences of patients in managing psychosocial problems during the treatment of cancer disease. Material and Methods: An inductive thematic analysis was conducted on responses from 15 individuals (14 female, 1 male) with cancer. Concept elicitation interviews were conducted with 15 patients whose ages are between 29-75. Results: 10 themes were identified regarding the emotional and social problems. It has been observed that patients experience a high level of fear and do not receive adequate support from the community and from medical team. It was found that insufficient information was provided about the psychological and physical difficulties of the disease process. There must be support from a psychologist and dietitian in medical treatment. In addition, it was seen that their psychosocial problems stemmed from 4 themes (from individual himself, health personnel, the disease, and their environment). Psychosocial problems were gathered around 3 themes and had negative effects on individual himself, their relatives, and their work lives. Participants stated that cancer was a turning point in their lives. Finally, 7 themes (self, co-work team, family, medical staff, relatives, other cancer patients, and friends) were identified as the people who have the most important role in solving psychosocial problems. Conclusion: Although the participants' characteristics differed from each other, their themes showed consistency. It shows how individuals cope with the disease processes and where they get stuck and need social support. Based on the needs of patients, the importance and necessity of psychologist and dietitian support in medical treatment has emerged.

Keywords: Psycho-oncology; psychosocial support systems; psychosocial functioning; qualitative research
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu çalışmada, kanser hastalığının tedavi sürecinde olan hastaların psikososyal sorunları yönetme deneyimlerinin derinlemesine araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Kanserli 15 hastadan (14 kadın, 1 erkek) alınan yanıtlar üzerinde tümevarımsal bir tematik analiz gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yaşları 29-75 arasında değişen 15 hasta ile temaların ortaya çıkarılması amacıyla görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Hastaların kanser sürecinde yaşadıkları duygusal ve sosyal problemlere dair toplam 10 tema belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların yüksek düzeyde korku yaşadıkları ve bu duygunun iyileştirilmesi için özellikle toplumdan ve sağlık ekibinden yeterli desteği alamadıkları görülmüştür. Hastalık sürecinin psikolojik ve fiziksel zorlukları ile ilgili yeterli bilgi verilmediği tespit edilmiştir. Tıbbi tedavide psikolog ve diyetisyen desteği olmalıdır. Ayrıca psikososyal sorunlarının 4 temadan (kendilerinden, sağlık personelinden, hastalıktan ve çevrelerinden) kaynaklandığı görülmüştür. Psikososyal sorunların 3 tema etrafından toplandığı; bu zorlu sürecin kendileri, yakınları ve çalışma hayatları üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olduğu görülmüştür. Katılımcılar, kanserin hayatlarında dönüm noktası oluşturduğunu, kariyer hedeflerini ve insanlarla ilişkilerini tamamen değiştirdiğini ifade etmiştir. Son olarak psikososyal sorunların çözümünde en önemli role sahip kişilere dair 7 tema (kendileri, çalışma ekibi, aile üyeleri, sağlık personeli, akrabalar, diğer kanser hastaları ve arkadaşlar) belirlenmiştir. Sonuç: Katılımcıların özellikleri birbirinden farklı olsa da ortaya çıkan temalar tutarlılık göstermiştir. Bireylerin kanser süreciyle nasıl başa çıkabildiklerini ve hangi noktalarda sıkışarak sosyal desteğe ihtiyaç duyduklarını göstermektedir. Hastaların ihtiyaçlarından yola çıkarak tıbbi tedavide psikolog ve diyetisyen desteğinin önemi ve gerekliliği ortaya çıkmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Psikoonkoloji; psikososyal destek sistemleri; psikososyal işlevsellik; nitel araştırma
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