Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: REVIEW
Ameliyat Öncesi Cilt Hazırlığında Güncel Yaklaşımlar: Geleneksel Derleme
Current Approaches to Preoperative Skin Preparation: A Traditional Review
Dilek AYGİNa , Özge YAMANa
aSakarya Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi, Hemşirelik Bölümü, Cerrahi Hastalıkları Hemşireliği AD, Sakarya, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(3):920-9
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2023-101080
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Sağlık bakımı ile ilişkili enfeksiyonlar, her yıl dünya çapında yüz milyonlarca insanı etkilemektedir. Cerrahi alan enfeksiyonları (CAE); cerrahi girişim sonrası yara bölgesinde gelişen ancak önlenebilir enfeksiyonlardandır. Gelişiminde çevresel faktörler önemli rol oynamasına rağmen enfeksiyonlar genellikle bireyin kendi florasından kaynaklı gelişmektedir. Normal şartlarda epidermis, bakteriyel invazyonlara karşı vücudu korumakta ve birincil bariyer görevi görerek mikroorganizmaların vücuda girişini engellemektedir. Ancak cerrahi veya diğer invaziv girişimlerde, epidermis bütünlüğü bozulduğundan mikroorganizmaların cilt altına geçişi kolaylaşmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, enfeksiyonların çoğunun kişinin kendi cilt florasından kaynaklandığı düşünüldüğünde, ameliyat öncesi dönemde cilt hazırlığının yapılması ve antisepsisinin sağlanması önem taşımaktadır. Ameliyat öncesi cilt hazırlığının temel amacı, bireyin vücudunda yer alan mikroorganizma yükünün mümkün olduğunca azaltılmasıdır. Optimal antisepsi uygulamaları sonrası dahi cilt florası tamamen yok edilememekte, kontamine cerrahilerde flora yükü daha fazla olmaktadır. Dolayısıyla, ameliyat öncesi cilt hazırlığı uygulamalarının güncel rehberler doğrultusunda doğru bir şekilde uygulanması CAE'lerini azaltmada önemli rol oynamaktadır. Cilt hazırlığı bileşenleri Perioperatif Hemşireler Birliği kılavuzunda; dekolonizasyon, ameliyat öncesi duş, cerrahi alandaki tüyler, cerrahi alan antiseptiğinin seçimi, cerrahi alan antiseptiğinin uygulanması, antiseptiklerin güvenli taşınması ve saklanması, kalite olmak üzere 7 başlık altında ayrılmaktadır. Cilt hazırlığının doğru yapılabilmesi için bu bileşenlerin her birinde dikkat edilmesi gereken önemli noktalar bulunmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede de ameliyat öncesi cilt hazırlığına ilişkin güncel rehber önerileri ve uygulamada dikkat edilmesi gereken noktaların incelenmesi amaçlandı.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Cerrahi yara enfeksiyonu; antisepsis; ameliyat öncesi dönem; cilt; kanıta dayalı uygulamalar
ABSTRACT
 Healthcare-associated infections affect hundreds of millions of people worldwide each year. Surgical site infections are preventable infections that develop in the wound area after surgical intervention. Although environmental factors play an important role in its development, infections generally develop due to the individual's flora. Under normal conditions, the epidermis protects the body against bacterial invasions and acts as a primary barrier, preventing microorganisms from entering the body. However, as the integrity of the epidermis is disrupted in surgical or other invasive interventions, it becomes easier for microorganisms to pass under the skin. Considering that the person's skin flora causes most infections, preparing the skin and providing antisepsis in the preoperative period is crucial. The primary purpose of preoperative skin preparation is to reduce the microorganism load on the individual's body as much as possible. Even after optimal antisepsis applications, skin flora cannot be wholly destroyed, and the flora load is higher in contaminated surgeries. Therefore, the correct application of preoperative skin preparation practices in accordance with current guidelines plays an important role in reducing surgical site infections. Skin preparation ingredients; The Association of perioperative Registered Nurses guideline is divided under 7 headings; decolonization, preoperative bathing, surgical site hair, selection of surgical site antiseptic, application of surgical site antiseptic, handling and storage of antiseptics, and quality. There are essential points to consider in each of these components in order to prepare the skin correctly. This review article aimed to examine the current guideline recommendations regarding preoperative skin preparation and the points to be considered in practice.

Keywords: Surgical wound infection; antisepsis; preoperative period; skin; evidence-based practice
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Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

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