Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Adli Psikiyatri Polikliniğinde Ceza Sorumluluğu Değerlendirilen Olguların Tanısal ve Sosyodemografik Özellikleri:6,5 Yıllık Retrospektif Çalışma
Diagnostic and Sociodemographic Characteristics of Cases Evaluated for Criminal Liability in the Forensic Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic: 6.5-Year Retrospective Study
Ayşegül KOÇa, Ebru PARLAKb
aİzzet Baysal Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi, Ruh Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları Kliniği, Bolu, Türkiye
bBaşakşehir Çam ve Sakura Şehir Hastanesi, Psikiyatri Kliniği, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Foren Sci Leg Med. 2023;20(2):115-23
doi: 10.5336/forensic.2022-94624
Article Language: TR
Full Text
ÖZET
 Amaç: Modern ceza kanunları, akıl sağlığı yerinde olmayanları cezalandırmak yerine tedavi amaçlı güvenlik tedbirlerine hükmetmekte ya da bu kimselerin cezalarında indirime gitmektedir. Bu çalışmada, adli psikiyatri polikliniğinde ceza sorumluluğu değerlendirilen olguların tanısal dağılımını ve sosyodemografik özelliklerini, ayrıca tekrarlayan suç ile ilişkili etmenleri belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Araştırmanın örneklemini, adli psikiyatri polikliniğinde ceza sorumluluğu açısından değerlendirilen 917 kişi oluşturmuştur. Olgulara ait yaş, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, medeni durum, yaşadığı il, adli raporun sonucu, kişi için düzenlenen rapor sayısı ve konulan tanılar incelendi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde sayı, yüzde, ortalama ve standart sapma gibi tanımlayıcı istatistikler ve kategorik değişkenler için ki-kare analizi kullanıldı. Bulgular: Olguların çoğunluğu genç, erkek, bekâr ve ilkokul mezunuydu. Olgu sayısı yıllar içinde artış göstermişti. Olguların %55,1'ine isnat edilen suçla ilgili olarak ceza sorumluluklarının tam olduğuna, %33,6'sına ceza sorumluklarının olmadığına, %11,2'sine ise ceza sorumluluklarının azaldığına dair bilirkişi raporu düzenlenmişti. Ceza sorumluluğu olmayan grupta psikoz, ceza sorumluluğu azalan grupta zekâ geriliği tanısı alanlar diğer gruplara göre anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Alkol/madde kullanım bozukluğu tanısı alanlar ile bekâr ve genç olanlarda suçu tekrarlama oranları diğerlerine göre daha yüksek bulundu. Sonuç: Her geçen yıl daha fazla olgu ceza sorumluluğunun belirlenmesi amacıyla psikiyatrik değerlendirmeye yönlendirilmektedir. 2000 yılında yapılan araştırmadan sonra ceza sorumluluğunu araştıran en büyük olgu sayısını içeren çalışma olması sebebiyle sonuçlarımız önemlidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Adli psikiyatri; ceza sorumluluğu; psikiyatrik hastalık; tekrarlayan suç
ABSTRACT
 Objective: Instead of punishing the mentally ill, modern penal laws prescribe therapeutic security measures or reduce their sentences. In this study, it was aimed to determine the diagnostic distribution and sociodemographic characteristics of the cases whose criminal responsibility was evaluated in the forensic psychiatry outpatient clinic, as well as the factors associated with recidivism. Material and Methods: The sample of the study consisted of 917 people who were evaluated in terms of criminal responsibility in the forensic psychiatry outpatient clinic. The age, gender, education level, marital status, province of residence, the result of the forensic report, the number of reports prepared for the person and the diagnoses of the cases were examined. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics such as number, percentage, mean and standard deviation, and chi-square analysis for categorical variables were used. Results: The majority of the cases were young, male, single and primary school graduates. The number of cases had increased over the years. 55.1% of the cases had full criminal responsibilities regarding the alleged crime. 33.6% of the cases did not have criminal responsibilities. 11.2% of the cases had reduced criminal liability. Psychosis was found to be significantly higher in the group without criminal responsibility, and those diagnosed with mental retardation in the group with reduced criminal responsibility compared to other groups. Crime repetition rates were found to be higher in those with alcohol/substance use disorder, single and young people compared to those without. Conclusion: Every year, more and more cases are referred to psychiatric evaluation in order to determine criminal responsibility. Our results are important because it is the study that includes the largest number of cases investigating criminal responsibility after the study conducted in 2000.

Keywords: Forensic psychiatry; criminal responsibility; psychiatric disorders; repetitive crime
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