Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Health Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
A Study on the Role of Eating Attitudes and Depression on Dietary Inflammatory Index: Cross-Sectional Study
Yeme Tutumu ve Depresyonun Diyet İnflamatuar İndeksi Üzerindeki Rolü Üzerine Bir Çalışma: Kesitsel Çalışma
Rüken Aslınur SAMANCIa , Serap ANDAÇ ÖZTÜRKb
aİstanbul Medipol University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstanbul, Türkiye
bİstanbul Sabahattin Zaim University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, İstanbul, Türkiye
Turkiye Klinikleri J Health Sci. 2024;9(2):247-55
doi: 10.5336/healthsci.2023-100220
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: It was aimed to investigate the relationship between eating behavior disorder and depression risks of adults and the inflammatory load of the diet. Material and Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted during the lockdown period for the COVID-19 - September 2020 and April 2021. Power analysis required to calculate the size of the sample number to participate in the study was performed with G*POWER-3.1 version and it was determined that 176 samples were needed. Effect size was taken as 1-β=0.95, and statistical significance was taken as p<0.05. In our study, sufficient participation was achieved with a sample of 200. Participants depression risk and ating attitudes were determined CES-Depression Scale (CES-D) and Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26) via online questionnaire. Three-day food consumption records of the participants were taken with the food consumption record form sent to their e-mail addresses. The results were analyzed in the BeBiS program and then DII were calculated. SPSS version 25.0 was used for statistical analysis. Results: A negative correlation between the bodyweight of the individuals and the DII score has been observed. But, no correlation was found between eating attitude, depression, and DII score. Conclusion: We found that having low weight is negatively correlated with DII. We found no correlation between eating attitude, depression, and DII. Considering that the increase in the DII score is associated with many chronic diseases, it is thought that an increase in studies to understand the factors affecting DII score will contribute to the literature in terms of suggesting solutions.

Keywords: Eating; attitude; depression; inflammation
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bireylerdeki yeme davranış bozukluğu ve depresyon riskinin diyetin inflamatuar yükü ile arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel çalışma, COVID-19 salgını nedeniyle karantina döneminde (Eylül 2020 ve Nisan 2021) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmaya katılacak örneklem sayısının büyüklüğünün hesaplaması için gerekli Güç analizi G*POWER 3.1 sürümü ile yapılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda 176 örnekleme ihtiyaç olduğu belirlenmiştir. Etki büyüklüğü 1-β= 0.95, istatistiksel anlamlılık p<0,05 alınmıştır. Mevcut çalışmada 200 örneklem ile yeterli katılım sağlanmıştır. Katılımcıların depresyon riski ve yeme tutumları çevrimiçi anket aracılığıyla CES-Depresyon Ölçeği (CES-D) ve Yeme Tutum Testi (YTT26) kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların üç günlük besin tüketim kayıtları, e-mail adreslerine gönderilen besin tüketim kaydı formu ile alınmıştır. Sonuçlar BeBiS programında analiz edilmiştir ve daha sonra Dİİ puanları hesaplanmıştır. İstatistiksel analiz için SPSS 25.0 versiyonu kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Bireylerin vücut ağırlığı ile Dİİ puanı arasında negatif bir korelasyon gözlenmiştir. Öte yandan yeme tutumu ile depresyon ve diyet inflamatuar indeksi puanı arasında bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Sonuç: Düşük vücut ağırlığına sahip olmanın diyet inflamatuar indeksi ile negatif ilişkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Yeme tutumu, depresyon ve Dİİ puanı arasında bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Dİİ puanının artmasının birçok kronik hastalıkla ilişkili olduğu dikkate alındığında Dİİ puanına etki eden faktörlerin anlaşılmasına yönelik çalışmaların artmasının çözüm önerileri açısından literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Yeme; tutum; depresyon; inflamasyon
REFERENCES:
  1. Cavicchia PP, Steck SE, Hurley TG, Hussey JR, Ma Y, Ockene IS, et al. A new dietary inflammatory index predicts interval changes in serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. J Nutr. 2009;139(12):2365-72. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  2. Shivappa N, Steck SE, Hurley TG, Hussey JR, Hébert JR. Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index. Public Health Nutr. 2014;17(8):1689-96. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  3. Yıldırım B, Andaç-Öztürk S. Postmenopozal kadınlarda diyet inflamatuar indeksi ve kırık insidansı ilişkisi [Relationship between dietary inflammatory index and fracture incidence in postmenopausal women]. İstanbul Sabahattin Zaim Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Dergisi. 2020;2(3):13-8. [Crossref] 
  4. Deledda A, Annunziata G, Tenore GC, Palmas V, Manzin A, Velluzzi F. Diet-derived antioxidants and their role in inflammation, obesity and gut microbiota modulation. Antioxidants (Basel). 2021;10(5):708. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Huang T, Tobias DK, Hruby A, Rifai N, Tworoger SS, Hu FB. an increase in dietary quality is associated with favorable plasma biomarkers of the brain-adipose axis in apparently healthy US women. J Nutr. 2016;146(5):1101-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  6. Calle MC, Andersen CJ. Assessment of dietary patterns represents a potential, yet variable, measure of inflammatory status: a review and update. Dis Markers. 2019;2019:3102870. Erratum in: Dis Markers. 2019;2019:5454602. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  7. Chu AL, Hickman M, Steel N, Jones PB, Davey Smith G, Khandaker GM. Inflammation and depression: a public health perspective. Brain Behav Immun. 2021;95:1-3. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  8. Dionysopoulou S, Charmandari E, Bargiota A, Vlahos N, Mastorakos G, Valsamakis G. The role of hypothalamic inflammation in diet-induced obesity and its association with cognitive and mood disorders. Nutrients. 2021;13(2):498. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  9. Karabekir M. Tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinde yeme tutumu ile depresyon, anksiyete ve dürtüsellik arasındaki ilişki [Tıpta uzmanlık tezi]. Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi; 2020. [Erişim tarihi: 04.06.2023] [Link] 
  10. Bonaccio M, Pounis G, Cerletti C, Donati MB, Iacoviello L, de Gaetano G; MOLI-SANI Study Investigators. Mediterranean diet, dietary polyphenols and low grade inflammation: results from the MOLI-SANI study. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2017;83(1):107-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  11. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders DSM-5. 5th ed. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Publishing; 2013. [Crossref] 
  12. Claudino AM, Pike KM, Hay P, Keeley JW, Evans SC, Rebello TJ, et al. The classification of feeding and eating disorders in the ICD-11: results of a field study comparing proposed ICD-11 guidelines with existing ICD-10 guidelines. BMC Med. 2019;17(1):93. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  13. Şener N. Yeme bozuklukları ile kişilik inançları arasındaki ilişki: çocukluk çağı travmaların aracı rolü [Yüksek lisans tezi]. İstanbul: İstanbul Kent Üniversitesi; 2021. [Erişim tarihi: 22.10.2023] [Link] 
  14. Peleg O, Tzischinsky O, Spivak-Lavi Z. Depression and social anxiety mediate the relationship between parenting styles and risk of eating disorders: a study among Arab adolescents. Int J Psychol. 2021;56(6):853-64. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  15. Ergüney-Okumuş FE, Sertel-Berk HÖ. Yeme tutum testi kısa formunun (YTT-26) üniversite örnekleminde Türkçeye uyarlanması ve psikometrik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi [The psychometric properties of the eating attitudes test short form (EAT-26) in a college sample]. Studies in Psychology. 2020;57-78. [Crossref] 
  16. Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. The Eating Attitudes Test: an index of the symptoms of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med. 1979;9(2):273-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  17. Garner DM, Olmsted MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The eating attitudes test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med. 1982;12(4):871-8. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  18. Radloff LS. The Ces-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl Psychol Meas. 1977;1(3):385-401. [Crossref] 
  19. Lassale C, Batty GD, Baghdadli A, Jacka F, Sánchez-Villegas A, Kivimäki M, et al. Healthy dietary indices and risk of depressive outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2019;24(7):965-86. Erratum in: Mol Psychiatry. 2018. Erratum in: Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(7):3657. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  20. Tatar A, Saltukoglu G. The adaptation of the CES-depression scale into Turkish through the use of confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory and the examination of psychometric characteristics. Psychiatry and Clinical Psychopharmacology. 2010;20(3):213-27. [Crossref] 
  21. Naska A, Lagiou A, Lagiou P. Dietary assessment methods in epidemiological research: current state of the art and future prospects. F1000Res. 2017;6:926. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  22. BeBiS [İnternet] © 2008-2021 BeBiS [Erişim tarihi: Erişim tarihi: 25.4.2022]. Erişim linki: [Link] 
  23. Shelton RC, Miller AH. Inflammation in depression: is adiposity a cause? Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2011;13(1):41-53. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  24. Marx W, Lane M, Hockey M, Aslam H, Berk M, Walder K, et al. Diet and depression: exploring the biological mechanisms of action. Mol Psychiatry. 2021;26(1):134-50. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  25. Puccio F, Fuller-Tyszkiewicz M, Ong D, Krug I. A systematic review and meta-analysis on the longitudinal relationship between eating pathology and depression. Int J Eat Disord. 2016;49(5):439-54. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  26. Martín J, Arostegui I, Loroño A, Padierna A, Najera-Zuloaga J, Quintana JM. Anxiety and depressive symptoms are related to core symptoms, general health outcome, and medical comorbidities in eating disorders. Eur Eat Disord Rev. 2019;27(6):603-13. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Kocamış RN. Yetişkin bireylerde diyetin inflamatuvar indeksi ile beslenme durumları arasındaki ilişkinin saptanması [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara: Başkent Üniversitesi; 2018. [Erişim tarihi: 13.07.2023]. Erişim linki [Link] 
  28. Oğuzmert S. Tip 1 diyabetli çocuk hastalarda diyetin inflamatuar indeksi ile bazı biyokimyasal parametreler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi [Yüksek lisans tezi]. Ankara: Hacettepe Üniversitesi; 2016. [Erişim tarihi: 16.07.2023] [Link] 
  29. Ramallal R, Toledo E, Martínez JA, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Martínez-González MA, et al. Inflammatory potential of diet, weight gain, and incidence of overweight/obesity: The SUN cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2017;25(6):997-1005. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  30. MacDonald CJ, Laouali N, Madika AL, Mancini FR, Boutron-Ruault MC. Dietary inflammatory index, risk of incident hypertension, and effect modification from BMI. Nutr J. 2020;19(1):62. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  31. Scarff JR. Orthorexia nervosa: an obsession with healthy eating. Fed Pract. 2017;34(6):36-9. [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  32. Childs CE, Calder PC, Miles EA. Diet and immune function. Nutrients. 2019;11(8):1933. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  33. Bergmans RS, Malecki KM. The association of dietary inflammatory potential with depression and mental well-being among U.S. adults. Prev Med. 2017;99:313-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  34. Phillips CM, Shivappa N, Hébert JR, Perry IJ. Dietary inflammatory index and mental health: a cross-sectional analysis of the relationship with depressive symptoms, anxiety and well-being in adults. Clin Nutr. 2018;37(5):1485-91. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  35. Alawadhi B, Fallaize R, Franco RZ, Hwang F, Lovegrove J. Web-based dietary intake estimation to assess the reproducibility and relative validity of the eatwellq8 food frequency questionnaire: validation study. JMIR Form Res. 2021;5(3):e13591. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com