Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Nursing Sciences

.: ORIGINAL RESEARCH
Mediating Effect of Communication Skills on the Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence and Clinical Leadership of Health Sciences Students: A Descriptive and Correlational Study
Sağlık Bilimleri Öğrencilerinin Duygusal Zekâları ile Klinik Liderlikleri Arasındaki İlişkide İletişim Becerilerinin Aracılık Etkisi: Tanımlayıcı ve İlişkisel Bir Çalışma
Oya ÇELEBİ ÇAKIROĞLUa , Sümeyye ARSLAN KURTULUŞb
aİstanbul Medeniyet University Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nursing Administration, İstanbul, Türkiye
bIndependent Researcher, Mannheim, Germany
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(4):1150-9
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-103501
Article Language: EN
Full Text
ABSTRACT
 Objective: This study aimed to describe the structural relationships between emotional intelligence, communication skills, and clinical leadership and to present a model. Material and Methods: The present study is a descriptive and correlational research. The sample of the study consisted of 453 health sciences students determined by using the convenience sample method. Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale, Communication Skills Scale, and Clinical Leadership Scale were used to measure the latent variables of the study. The data of the study were collected between June-July 2021. The data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 24 and Amos 21 programs. The study protocol was approved by the ethics committee of a public university to conduct the study. Results: The relationships between the latent variables of the study were in the expected direction and statistically significant (p<0.001) and the proposed final conceptual model fit the data. It was found that emotional intelligence had a direct positive effect on communication skills, while communication skills had a direct positive effect on clinical leadership. While emotional intelligence did not have a direct effect on clinical leadership, it was found to have a positive effect through communication skills. In the final model, while emotional intelligence explained 76% of communication skills, emotional intelligence and communication skills explained 50% of clinical leadership. Conclusion: This research shows that health sciences students with high levels of emotional intelligence can demonstrate clinical leadership characteristics by communicating more effectively. The results emphasize that these skills should be considered to develop clinical leadership in healthcare workplaces.

Keywords: Emotional intelligence; communication; leadership; mediation analysis
ÖZET
 Amaç: Bu araştırmanın amacı; duygusal zekâ, iletişim becerisi ve klinik liderlik arasındaki yapısal ilişkileri tanımlamak ve bir model ortaya koymaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu, tanımlayıcı ve ilişkisel bir araştırmadır. Kolayda örnekleme yöntemi kullanılarak belirlenen 453 sağlık bilimleri öğrencisi araştırmanın örneklemini oluşturdu. Çalışmanın gizil değişkenlerini ölçmek için ''Rotterdam Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği'', ''İletişim Beceriler Ölçeği'' ve ''Klinik Liderlik Ölçeği'' kullanıldı. Araştırmanın verileri Haziran Temmuz 2021 tarihleri arasında toplandı. Veriler, IBM SPSS Statistics 24 and Amos 21 programları aracılığıyla analiz edildi. Araştırma gerçekleştirilebilmesi için çalışma protokolü bir kamu üniversitesinin etik kurul tarafından onaylandı. Bulgular: Araştırmanın gizil değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkiler beklenen yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlıydı (p<0,001) ve önerilen kavramsal model verilere uyum gösterdi. Duygusal zekânın iletişim becerileri üzerinde doğrudan olumlu etkisi, iletişim becerilerinin klinik liderlik üzerinde doğrudan olumlu etkisi olduğu saptandı. Duygusal zekâ klinik liderlik üzerinde doğrudan bir etkiye sahip olmamakla birlikte, iletişim becerileri aracılığıyla olumlu etkiye sahip olduğu belirlendi. Son modelde, duygusal zekâ iletişim becerilerinin %76'sını açıklarken, duygusal zekâ ve iletişim becerileri klinik liderlik becerilerinin %50'sini açıkladı. Sonuç: Bu araştırma, duygusal zekâ düzeyi yüksek olan sağlık bilimleri öğrencilerinin daha etkili bir iletişim kurarak klinik liderlik özellikleri sergileyebildiğini göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, sağlık bakım iş yerlerinde klinik liderliğin gelişmesi için bu becerilerin dikkate alınması gerektiğinin altını çizmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Duygusal zekâ; iletişim; liderlik; aracılık analizi
REFERENCES:
  1. Crowley R, Daniel H, Cooney TG, Engel LS; Health and Public Policy Committee of the American College of Physicians. Envisioning a Better U.S. Health Care System for All: Coverage and Cost of Care. Ann Intern Med. 2020;172(2 Suppl):S7-S32. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  2. Barr J, Dowding L. Leadership in Health Care. 5th ed. Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications; 2022.
  3. Barnes T, Yu TW, Webster CS. Are we preparing medical students for their transition to clinical leaders? A national survey. Med Sci Educ. 2020;31(1):91-9. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  4. Mianda S, Voce AS. Conceptualizations of clinical leadership: a review of the literature. J Healthc Leadersh. 2017;9:79-87. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  5. Hofmann R, Vermunt JD. Professional learning, organisational change and clinical leadership development outcomes. Med Educ. 2021;55(2):252-65. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  6. Jonas S, McCay L, Keogh SB. The importance of clinical leadership. In: Swanwick T, McKim J, eds. ABC of Clinical Leadership. 2nd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2017. p.1-4.
  7. National Health Service. Medical Leadership Competency Framework Enhancing - Engagement in Medical Leadership. 3rd ed. Coventry: NHS Institute for Innovation and Improvement; 2010.
  8. Swanwick T, Butler J. Developing leadership at all levels. In: Swanwick T, McKim J, eds. ABC of Clinical Leadership. 2nd ed. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons; 2017. p.81-5.
  9. Démeh W, Rosengren K. The visualisation of clinical leadership in the content of nursing education--a qualitative study of nursing students' experiences. Nurse Educ Today. 2015;35(7):888-93. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  10. Sadera R. Developing effective leaders. BMJ Lead. 2020;4(Suppl. 2020;4(Suppl 1):A12. [Crossref] 
  11. Danquah E. The influence of emotional intelligence on the work engagement of clinical leadership: resilience as a moderator. Hosp Top. 2022;100(2):55-61. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  12. Grindel CG. Clinical leadership: a call to action. Medsurg Nurs. 2016;25(1):9-16. [PubMed] 
  13. Jeon YH, Simpson JM, Li Z, Cunich MM, Thomas TH, Chenoweth L, et al. Cluster randomized controlled trial of an aged care specific leadership and management program to improve work environment, staff turnover, and care quality. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2015;16(7):629.e19-28. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  14. Stanley D, Blanchard D, Hohol A, Hutton M, McDonald A. Health professionals' perceptions of clinical leadership. A pilot study. Cogent Med. 2017;4(1):1321193. [Crossref] 
  15. Stanley D, Stanley K. Clinical leadership and nursing explored: a literature search. J Clin Nurs. 2018;27(9-10):1730-43. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  16. Mianda S, Voce A. Developing and evaluating clinical leadership interventions for frontline healthcare providers: a review of the literature. BMC Health Serv Res. 2018;18(1):747. [Crossref]  [PubMed]  [PMC] 
  17. Kyriazos TA. Applied psychometrics: sample size and sample power considerations in factor analysis (EFA, CFA) and SEM in general. Psychology. 2018;9(8):2207-30. [Crossref] 
  18. Kline RB. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 5th ed. New York: The Guilford Press; 2023.
  19. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS. Using Multivariate Statistics. 7th ed. New York: Pearson Education; 2019.
  20. Pekaar KA, Bakker AB, van der Linden D, Born MP. Self- and other-focused emotional intelligence: Development and validation of the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale (REIS). Pers Individ Dif. 2018;120:222-33. [Crossref] 
  21. Tanrıöğen A, Türker Y. Rotterdam Duygusal Zekâ Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması [Adaptation of Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale to Turkish]. Pamukkale Univ J Educ. 2019;47:348-69. [Crossref] 
  22. Korkut Owen F, Bugay A. İletişim Becerileri Ölçeği'nin geliştirilmesi: geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [Developing a Communication Skills Scale: validity and reliability studies]. Mersin Univ J Fac Educ. 2014;10(2):51-64. [Link] 
  23. National Health Services Leadership Academy. Self Assessment Tool Leadership in the Health and Care Services Is about Delivering High Quality.; 2012. [Link] 
  24. Budak F. Klinik Liderlik Ölçeğinin Türkçe geçerlik güvenilirlik çalışması: kamu hastaneleri örneği [Turkish validity and reliability study of Clinical Leadership Scale: Public Hospitals Sample]. Acıbadem Univ Heal Sci J. 2017;(2):85-91. [Link] 
  25. Jung HY, Kang S. Collective efficacy and communication ability according to emotional intelligence in nursing students. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2020;11(12):154-60. [Link] 
  26. Raeissi P, Zandian H, Mirzarahimy T, Delavari S, Zahirian Moghadam T, Rahimi G. Relationship between communication skills and emotional intelligence among nurses. Nurs Manag (Harrow). 2019;26(2):31-5. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  27. Petrovici A, Dobrescu T. The role of emotional intelligence in building interpersonal communication skills. Procedia-Soc Behav Sci. 2014;116:1405-10. [Crossref] 
  28. Şen S, Arslan Özkan H, Avşar E, Afacan Karaman S. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinde duygusal zekâ, eleştirel düşünme ve klinik karar verme düzeylerinin incelenmesi [Investigation of emotional intelligence, critical thinking and clinical decision making levels in nursing students]. İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilim Derg. 2022;18:877-91. [Crossref] 
  29. Köşgeroğlu N, Balcı Alparslan G, Babadağ B, Öztürk B, Ünver G. Hemşirelik öğrenci̇leri̇ni̇n duygusal zeka düzeyleri̇ ve problem çözme beceri̇leri̇ [Problem-solving skills and emotional intelligence level of nursing students]. Int J Soc Humanit Sci Res. 2020;7(56):1969-77. [Crossref] 
  30. Lee E, Daugherty J, Hamelin T. Reimagine Health Care Leadership, Challenges and Opportunities in the 21st Century. J Perianesth Nurs. 2019;34(1):27-38. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  31. Jack K, Bianchi M, Costa RDP, Grinberg K, Harnett G, Luiking ML, et al. Clinical leadership in nursing students: a concept analysis. Nurse Educ Today. 2022;108:105173. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 
  32. Bae SH, Park JS. Development and evaluation of extracurricular coaching programs for improving communication skills and leadership among nursing students. J Korean Acad Soc Nurs Educ. 2015;21(2):202-14. [Crossref] 
  33. Elçi M, Murat Eminoğlu G, Sivrikaya Şerifoğlu F, Çeviker Ay Ş, Keçeci A. Lider etkinliği ve duygusal zeka arasındaki ilişkiler: kadın akademisyenler üzerinde [The relationship between leader effectiveness and emotional intelligence: a study on female academicians]. İşletme ve İktisat Çalışmaları Derg. 2021;9(2):28-41. [Link] 
  34. Ceylantekin Y, Ocalan D. Hemşirelik öğrencilerinin mesleği ile ilgili düşünceleri ve duygusal zekâ arasındaki ilişki [The relationship between nursing students' emotional intelligence and thoughts on the profession]. J High Educ Sci. 2020;10(3):531-8. [Crossref] 
  35. Leigh JA, Wild J, Hynes C, Wells S, Kurien A, Rutherford J, et al. Transforming community services through the use of a multidimensional model of clinical leadership. J Clin Nurs. 2015;24(5-6):749-60. [Crossref]  [PubMed] 

.: Up To Date

.: Process List

Login

 Forgot your password?

 New Registration  

Contact

Ortadoğu Reklam Tanıtım Yayıncılık Turizm Eğitim İnşaat Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

.: Address

Turkocagi Caddesi No:30 06520 Balgat / ANKARA
Phone: +90 312 286 56 56
Fax: +90 312 220 04 70
E-mail: info@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Manuscript Editing Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 2
E-mail: yaziisleri@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: English Language Redaction

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 145
E-mail: tkyayindestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Marketing Sales-Project Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 142
E-mail: reklam@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Subscription and Public Relations Department

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: abone@turkiyeklinikleri.com

.: Customer Services

Phone: +90 312 286 56 56/ 118
E-mail: satisdestek@turkiyeklinikleri.com

1. TERMS OF USE

1.1. To use the web pages with http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name or the websites reached through the sub domain names attached to the domain name (They will be collectively referred as "SITE"), please read the conditions below. If you do not accept these terms, please cease to use the "SITE." "SITE" owner reserves the right to change the information on the website, forms, contents, the "SITE," "SITE" terms of use anytime they want.

1.2. The owner of the "SITE" is Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. (From now on it is going to be referred as "Turkiye Klinikleri", shortly) and it resides at Turkocagi cad. No:30, 06520 Balgat Ankara. The services in the "SITE" are provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.3. Anyone accessing the "SITE" with or without a fee whether they are a natural person or a legal identity is considered to agree these terms of use. In this contract hereby, "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the stated terms anytime. These changes will be published in the "SITE" periodically and they will be valid when they are published. Any natural person or legal identity benefiting from and reaching to the "SITE" are considered to be agreed to any change on hereby contract terms done by "Turkiye Klinikleri."

1.4. The "Terms of Use" hereby is published in the website with the last change on March 30th 2014 and the "SITE" is activated by enabling the access to everyone. The "Terms of Use" hereby is also a part of the any "USER Contract" was and/or will be done with the users using "Turkiye Klinikleri" services with or without a fee an inseparable.

2. DEFINITIONS

2.1. "SITE": A website offering different kind of services and context with a certain frame determined by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and it is accessible on-line on http://www.turkiyeklinikleri.com domain name and/or subdomains connected to the domain name.

2.2. USER: A natural person or a legal identity accessing to the "SITE" through online settings.

2.3. LINK: A link enabling to access to another website through the "SITE", the files, the context or through another website to the "SITE", the files and the context.

2.4. CONTEXT: Any visual, literary and auditory images published in the "Turkiye Klinikleri", "SITE" and/or any website or any accessible information, file, picture, number/figures, price, etc.

2.5. "USER CONTRACT": An electronically signed contract between a natural or a legal identity benefiting from special services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide and "Turkiye Klinikleri".

3. SCOPE OF THE SERVICES

3.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine the scope and quality of the services via the "SITE".

3.2. To benefit the services of "Turkiye Klinikleri" "SITE", the "USER" must deliver the features that will be specified by "Turkiye Klinikleri". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change this necessity any time single-sided.

3.3. Not for a limited number, the services "Turkiye Klinikleri" will provide through the "SITE" for a certain price or for free are;

- Providing scientific articles, books and informative publications for health industry.

- Providing structural, statistical and editorial support to article preparation stage for scientific journals.

4. GENERAL PROVISIONS

4.1. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is completely free to determine which of the services and contents provided in the "SITE" will be charged.

4.2. People benefiting from the services provided by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and using the website can use the "SITE" only according to the law and only for personal reasons. Users have the criminal and civil liability for every process and action they take in the "SITE". Every USER agrees, declares and undertakes that they will not proceed by any function or action infringement of rights of "Turkiye Klinikleri"s and/or other third parties', they are the exclusive right holder on usage, processing, storage, made public and revealing any written, visual or auditory information reported to Turkiye Klinikleri" and/or "SITE" to the third parties. "USER" agrees and undertakes that s/he will not duplicate, copy, distribute, process, the pictures, text, visual and auditory images, video clips, files, databases, catalogs and lists within the "SITE", s/he will not be using these actions or with other ways to compete with "Turkiye Klinikleri", directly or indirectly.

4.3. The services provided and the context published within the "SITE" by third parties is not under the responsibility of "Turkiye Klinikleri", institutions collaborated with "Turkiye Klinikleri", "Turkiye Klinikleri" employee and directors, "Turkiye Klinikleri" authorized salespeople. Commitment to accuracy and legality of the published information, context, visual and auditory images provided by any third party are under the full responsibility of the third party. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not promise and guarantee the safety, accuracy and legality of the services and context provided by a third party.

4.4. "USER"s cannot act against "Turkiye Klinikleri", other "USER"s and third parties by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" has no direct and/or indirect responsibility for any damage a third party suffered or will suffer regarding "USER"s actions on the "SITE" against the rules of the hereby "Terms of Use" and the law.

4.5. "USER"s accept and undertake that the information and context they provided to the "SITE" are accurate and legal. "Turkiye Klinikleri" is not liable and responsible for promising and guaranteeing the verification of the information and context transmitted to "Turkiye Klinikleri" by the "USER"s, or uploaded, changed and provided through the "SITE" by them and whether these information are safe, accurate and legal.

4.6. "USER"s agree and undertake that they will not perform any action leading to unfair competition, weakening the personal and commercial credit of "Turkiye Klinikleri" and a third party,  encroaching and attacking on personal rights within the "SITE" in accordance with the Turkish Commercial Code Law.

4.7. "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the right to change the services and the context within the "SITE"  anytime. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use this right without any notification and timelessly. "USER"s have to make the changes and/or corrections "Turkiye Klinikleri" required immediately. Any changes and/or corrections that are required by "Turkiye Klinikleri", may be made by "Turkiye Klinikleri" when needed. Any harm, criminal and civil liability resulted or will result from changes and/or corrections required by "Turkiye Klinikleri" and were not made on time by the "USER"s belongs completely to the users.

4.8. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may give links through the "SITE" to other websites and/or "CONTEXT"s and/or folders that are outside of their control and owned and run by third parties. These links are provided for ease of reference only and do not hold qualification for support the respective web SITE or the admin or declaration or guarantee for the information inside. "Turkiye Klinikleri" does not hold any responsibility over the web-sites connected through the links on the "SITE", folders and context, the services or products on the websites provided through these links or their context.

4.9. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may use the information provided to them by the "USERS" through the "SITE" in line with the terms of the "PRIVACY POLICY" and "USER CONTRACT". It may process the information or classify and save them on a database. "Turkiye Klinikleri" may also use the USER's or visitor's identity, address, e-mail address, phone number, IP number, which sections of the "SITE" they visited, domain type, browser type, date and time information to provide statistical evaluation and customized services.

5. PROPRIETARY RIGHTS

5.1. The information accessed through this "SITE" or provided by the users legally and all the elements (including but not limited to design, text, image, html code and other codes) of the "SITE" (all of them will be called as studies tied to "Turkiye Klinikleri"s copyrights) belongs to "Turkiye Klinikleri". Users do not have the right to resell, process, share, distribute, display or give someone permission to access or to use the "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information and the products under copyright protection by "Turkiye Klinikleri". Within hereby "Terms of Use" unless explicitly permitted by "Turkiye Klinikleri" nobody can reproduce, process, distribute or produce or prepare any study from those under "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyright protection.

5.2. Within hereby "Terms of Use", "Turkiye Klinikleri" reserves the rights for "Turkiye Klinikleri" services, "Turkiye Klinikleri" information, the products associated with "Turkiye Klinikleri" copyrights, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trademarks, "Turkiye Klinikleri" trade looks or its all rights for other entity and information it has through this website unless it is explicitly authorized by "Turkiye Klinikleri".

6. CHANGES IN THE TERMS OF USE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" in its sole discretion may change the hereby "Terms of Use" anytime announcing within the "SITE". The changed terms of the hereby "Terms of Use" will become valid when they are announced. Hereby "Terms of Use" cannot be changed by unilateral declarations of users.

7. FORCE MAJEURE

"Turkiye Klinikleri" is not responsible for executing late or never of this hereby "Terms of Use", privacy policy and "USER Contract" in any situation legally taken into account as force majeure. Being late or failure of performance or non-defaulting of this and similar cases like this will not be the case from the viewpoint of "Turkiye Klinikleri", and "Turkiye Klinikleri" will not have any damage liability for these situations. "Force majeure" term will be regarded as outside of the concerned party's reasonable control and any situation that "Turkiye Klinikleri" cannot prevent even though it shows due diligence. Also, force majeure situations include but not limited to natural disasters, rebellion, war, strike, communication problems, infrastructure and internet failure, power cut and bad weather conditions.

8. LAW AND AUTHORISATION TO FOLLOW

Turkish Law will be applied in practicing, interpreting the hereby "Terms of Use" and managing the emerging legal relationships within this "Terms of Use" in case of finding element of foreignness, except for the rules of Turkish conflict of laws. Ankara Courts and Enforcement Offices are entitled in any controversy happened or may happen due to hereby contract.

9. CLOSING AND AGREEMENT

Hereby "Terms of Use" come into force when announced in the "SITE" by "Turkiye Klinikleri". The users are regarded to agree to hereby contract terms by using the "SITE". "Turkiye Klinikleri" may change the contract terms and the changes will be come into force by specifying the version number and the date of change on time it is published in the "SITE".

 

30.03.2014

Privacy Policy

We recommend you to read the terms of use below before you visit our website. In case you agree these terms, following our rules will be to your favor. Please read our Terms of Use thoroughly.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com website belongs to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. and is designed in order to inform physicians in the field of health

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot reach to user’s identity, address, service providers or other information. The users may send this information to the website through forms if they would like to. However, www.turkiyeklinikleri.com may collect your hardware and software information. The information consists of your IP address, browser type, operating system, domain name, access time, and related websites. www.turkiyeklinikleri.com cannot sell the provided user information (your name, e-mail address, home and work address, phone number) to the third parties, publish it publicly, or keep it in the website. Gathered information has a directing feature to be a source for the website’s visitor profile, reporting and promotion of the services.

www.turkiyeklinikleri.com uses the taken information:

-To enhance, improve and maintain the quality of the website

-To generate visitor’s profile and statistical data

-To determine the tendency of the visitors on using our website

-To send print publications/correspondences

-To send press releases or notifications through e-mail

-To generate a list for an event or competition

By using www.turkiyeklinikleri.com you are considered to agree that;

-Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. cannot be hold responsible for any user’s illegal and immoral behavior,

-Terms of use may change from time to time,

-It is not responsible for other websites’ contents it cannot control or the harms they may cause although it uses the connection they provided.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. may block the website to users in the following events:

-Information with wrong, incomplete, deceiving or immoral expressions is recorded to the website,

-Proclamation, advertisement, announcement, libelous expressions are used against natural person or legal identity,

-During various attacks to the website,

-Disruption of the website because of a virus.

Written, visual and audible materials of the website, including the code and the software are under protection by legal legislation.

Without the written consent of Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. the information on the website cannot be downloaded, changed, reproduced, copied, republished, posted or distributed.

All rights of the software and the design of the website belong to Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc.

Ortadoğu Advertisement Presentation Publishing Tourism Education Architecture Industry and Trade Inc. will be pleased to hear your comments about our terms of use. Please share the subjects you think may enrich our website or if there is any problem regarding our website.

info@turkiyeklinikleri.com