Yenidoğan döneminde hastaneye tekrarlayan yatışların sık görülen nedenlerden biri olan sarılık (hiperbilirubinemi), doğumdan sonraki yaşamın ilk haftasında term bebeklerin %60'ında, prematüre bebeklerin ise %80'inde görülür. Ülkemizde yenidoğan bebeklerde, sarılık sıklığı ile ilgili net veriler yoktur. Sarılık, doğumdan sonraki ilk haftada hastaneye yatışların %75'inin ve yenidoğan döneminde hastaneye tekrarlayan yatışların sık görülen nedenlerinden biridir. Hiperbilirubinemiye bağlı gelişebilecek ölüm ve ciddi sekeller, erken tanı ve tedaviyle engellenebilmektedir. Günümüzde yenidoğanlarda sarılık tedavisini destekleyerek, hastanede kalış süresini kısaltan farklı uygulamalar üzerine çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Bu uygulamalardan biri de bebek masajıdır. Son yıllarda bebek masajının etkileri üzerine birçok çalışma yayımlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmalarda, masajın kilo alımını artırma, sindirimi kolaylaştırma, vücut sıcaklığını artırma, hastanede kalış süresini kısaltma, kortizol seviyelerini düşürme, beslenme intoleransını azaltma, bağışıklık sistemini güçlendirme ve bilirubin düzeylerinde azalma gibi birçok faydası olduğu bildirilmiştir. Masaj uygulaması, bilirubin seviyelerinin azaltılmasında yeni ve cazip bir stratejidir. Masaj, yenidoğan bebeklerde bilirubin düzeyini azaltmak için kullanılabilecek uygulamalardan biridir. Literatürde, term ve preterm bebeklerde yapılan çalışmalarda, bebek masajının bilirubin düzeylerini düşürdüğü ve dışkılama sıklığını anlamlı derecede artırdığı bildirilmiştir. Bebek masajı, lenf ve kan dolaşımını da artırarak, bilirubin atılımına yardımcı olur. Ayrıca enterohepatik dolaşımı azaltarak, bağırsak hareketlerini ve bilirubin atılımını kolaylaştırır. Bilirubin atılımı ile hiperbilirubineminin hızı ve şiddeti azalır. Bu derlemenin, yenidoğan yoğun bakım hemşireliği alanında literatüre katkı sağlaması amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Yenidoğan sarılığı; masaj; bilirubin
Jaundice (hyperbilirubinemia), one of the common causes of recurrent hospitalizations in the neonatal period, is a physiological condition seen in 60% of term infants and 80% of premature infants in the first week of life after birth. In our country, there are no clear data on the prevalence of jaundice in newborn infants. Jaundice is one of the common causes of 75% of hospitalizations in the first week after birth and recurrent hospitalizations in the neonatal period. Death and serious sequelae that may develop due to hyperbilirubinemia can be prevented with early diagnosis and treatment. Today, studies are carried out on different practices that support jaundice treatment in newborns and shorten the duration of hospital stay. One of these interventions is infant massage. Many studies have been published on the effects of infant massage in recent years. In these studies, it has been reported that massage has many benefits such as increasing weight gain, facilitating digestion, increasing body temperature, shortening the length of hospital stay, reducing cortisol levels, reducing nutritional intolerance, strengthening the immune system and decreasing bilirubin levels. Massage intervention application is a new and attractive strategy in reducing bilirubin levels. Massage is one of the interventions that can be used to reduce the bilirubin level in newborn infants. In studies conducted in term and preterm infants in the literature, it has been reported that infant massage decreases bilirubin levels and increases the frequency of defecation significantly. Infant massage also increases lymph and blood circulation and helps excretion of bilirubin. It also facilitates bowel movements and excretion of bilirubin by reducing enterohepatic circulation. The speed and severity of hyperbilirubinemia decrease with the excretion of bilirubin. This review is intended to contribute to the literature in the field of neonatal intensive care nursing.
Keywords: Neonatal jaundice; massage; bilirubin
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