Apati, nöropsikiyatrik bozukluğu olan yaşlı bireylerde en sık görülen davranışsal değişikliklerden biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Özellikle demans hastaları arasında apati oldukça yaygın görülmektedir. Son yıllardaki araştırmalar, Alzheimer hastalığında apatinin yaşlılık, daha şiddetli kognitif defisitler, depresyon ve günlük yaşam aktivitelerinde gerilemeler ile ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Apati nedeni ile bireyler günlük yaşam aktivitelerini sürdürebilmek için yardım gereksinimine ihtiyaç duymakta ve zamanla başka birine bağımlı hâle gelmektedir. Ayrıca, apatinin neden olduğu fiziksel ve psikolojik değişimler bireyin ilaç tedavisine uyumunu da zorlaştırmaktadır. Bu durum da hem bireyin hem de bakım verenin yaşam kalitesini olumsuz olarak etkilenmekte ve bakım verenin yükü de artmaktadır. Bu nedenle apatinin yönetiminde multidisipliner bir ekip anlayışının benimsenmesi çok önemlidir. Bu ekip içinde hemşirelere önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Hemşire ve diğer sağlık profesyonellerinin depresyon ile karıştırılabilen apati belirti ve bulgularını doğru şekilde belirlemesi ve bu doğrultuda uygun girişimleri planlaması, ortaya çıkaracağı olumsuz sonuçları azaltacak ve apatinin erken tedavi edilmesine yardımcı olacaktır. Apati sıklığı/şiddetini etkileyen faktörlerin belirlenmesinde, uygun farmakolojik ve nonfarmakolojik tedavinin seçilmesi, hem bireyin hem de bakım vereninin yaşam kalitesinin yükseltilmesinde hemşirelik yönetiminin etkinliği önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışmada, apatinin tanımı, prevalansı, risk faktörleri, tanı kriterleri, olumsuz sonuçları, tedavi seçenekleri ve hemşirelik yönetimi tartışılarak hemşire ve diğer sağlık profesyonellerine rehberlik edilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Apati; yaşlı; hemşirelik bakımı
Apathy is one of the most common behavioral changes in elderly patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Apathy is especially common among dementia patients. Researchs in recent years shows that apathy in Alzheimer's disease is associated with aging, more severe cognitive deficits, depression, and declines in Daily life activities. Individuals needs help to continue their daily living activities and can be dependent on someone else because of apathy. In addition, the physical and psychological changes caused by apathy make it difficult to adapt to the individual's drug treatment. It is also being adversely affected by both the individual and the caregiver's quality of life and caregiver burden is also increasing. For this reason, it is very important to adopt a multidisciplinary team approach in the management of apathy. Nurses have important responsibilities in this team. Proper identification of signs and symptoms of apathy that can be confused with depression by nurses and other health professionals, and planning appropriate interventions in this direction will help to reduce negative consequences and help early treatment of apathy. The effectiveness of nursing management is important for determination of factors affecting apathy frequency/severity, selection of appropriate pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment, raising the quality of life of both the individual and the caregiver. In this review article, it was aimed to guide nurses and other health professionals by discussing apathine definition, prevalence, risk factors, diagnostic criteria, negative results, treatment options and nursing management.
Keywords: Apathy; aged; nursing care
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