Objective: Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is used to define patients with ischemic chest pain and normal coronary arteries, as revealed by angiography. The etiology of CSX may be associated with extensive coronary microvascular endothelial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We aimed to simultaneously investigate the relationships of serum vitamin D levels with oxidative stress, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) and systemic inflammation marker C-reactive protein (CRP) to albumin ratio in CSX patients. Material and Methods: The present study group included 52 consecutive symptomatic patients diagnosed with CSX and 42 healthy controls. Serum total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, vitamin D, CRP, serum advanced oxidation protein product, and Ferric reducing ability of plasma levels were measured. The CRP/albumin ratio was determined. The AIP was calculated as log (triglyceride/HDL-C). Results: Patients with CSX had decreased vitamin D levels [11.2 (IQR: 6.3) ng/mL vs. 14.8 (IQR: 6.4) ng/mL; p=0.05] and higher CRP/albumin ratios [1.42 (0.84) vs. 1.01 (0.36); p=0.01] and similar AIP (0.11±0.30 vs. 0.14±0.29; p=0.76) compared to the control group. There was a weak negative correlation between vitamin D and CRP/albumin ratio (r=-0.23, p=0.03) levels. Conclusion: The reduction of vitamin D levels and systemic inflammation may play a role in the development of CSX.
Keywords: Cardiovascular disease; inflammation; microvascular angina; oxidative stress; Vitamin D
Amaç: Kardiyak sendrom X (KSX), anjiyografi ile ortaya konulan normal koroner arterleri olan ve iskemik göğüs ağrısı yaşayan hastaları tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. KSX'in etiyolojisi, yaygın koroner mikrovasküler endotel disfonksiyonu, inflamasyon ve oksidatif stres ile ilişkili olabilir. Bu çalışmada, KSX hastalarında serum D vitamini düzeylerinin oksidatif stres, plazmanın aterojenik indeksi [atherogenic index of plasma (AIP)] ve sistemik inflamasyon belirteci olan C-reaktif protein (CRP) ile albumin oranı arasındaki ilişkileri aynı anda araştırmayı amaçladık. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma grubunda, ardışık olarak KSX teşhisi konulan 52 semptomatik hasta ve 42 sağlıklı kontrol bulunmaktadır. Serum total kolesterol, yüksek yoğunluklu lipoprotein [high-density lipoprotein (HDL-K)], trigliserid, D vitamini, CRP, serum ileri oksidasyon protein ürünü ve plazmanın ferrik indirgeme gücü düzeyleri ölçüldü. CRP/albumin oranı belirlendi. Plazma AIP değeri log (trigliserid/HDL-K) ile hesaplandı. Bulgular: KSX hastalarında kontrol grubuna kıyasla düşük D vitamini düzeyleri [11,2 (IQR: 6,3) ng/mL vs. 14,8 (IQR: 6,4) ng/mL; p=0,05] ve daha yüksek CRP/albumin oranları [1,42 (0,84) vs. 1,01 (0,36); p=0,01] ve benzer AIP (0,11±0,30 vs. 0,14±0,29; p=0,76) tespit edildi. D vitamini ile CRP/albumin oranı arasında zayıf bir negatif korelasyon bulundu (r=-0,23, p=0,03). Sonuç: D vitamini düzeylerindeki azalma ve sistemik inflamasyonun, KSX gelişiminde rol oynayabileceği düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Kardiyovasküler hastalık; inflamasyon; mikrovasküler anjina; oksidatif stres; Vitamin D
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