Güncel adeziv sistemler ve teknikler, diş sert dokularına etkili bağlanma sağlanması ve uygulama prosedürlerinin kısaltılması amacıyla geliştirilmektedir. Etch&rinse adeziv sistemlerin, uygulama basamaklarının fazla olması ve kollajen fibrillerin çökelmesi sonucu bağlanma kuvvetinde azalma riski ile self-etch adeziv sistemlerin, mineye bağlanmasının düşük olması bu sistemlerin dezavantajlarıdır. Güncel adeziv sistemlerin temel sorunlarından biri, farklı yapıdaki diş sert dokularına (sağlıklı, çürük, sklerotik dentin, mine) ve diğer dental materyallere eşit düzeyde bağlanmanın sağlanamamasıdır. Bu nedenle son yıllarda, 'üniversal' veya 'multimod' olarak adlandırılan adeziv sistemler piyasaya sürülmüştür. Bu sistemler, tek basamaklı self-etch adeziv sistemlere fonksiyonel asidik monomerlerin eklenmesi ve böylelikle hidroksiapatit kristalleri ile kimyasal bağ kurulması sonucu geliştirilmiştir. Diş yüzeyi, seramikler, ışıkla ve 'dual-cure' sertleşen rezin kompozitler ve metal bileşikler gibi farklı yapılara bağlanabilme özellikleri olan bu adezivler, bu özelliklerinden dolayı da 'üniversal' olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Bu derlemede, üniversal adeziv sistemler ile ilgili literatürde bulunan çalışmalar incelenerek, sistemlerin içerik, uygulama teknikleri ve performansları hakkında bilgi edinilmiştir. Üniversal adezivlerin, mine ve dentindeki mekanik ve kimyasal bağlanmanın yanında restoratif işlem çeşitliliği ve adezyon stratejisi sağladığı görülmüştür.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Üniversal adezivler; adeziv sistemler; derleme
Current adhesive systems and techniques are designed for maintaining effective bonding to dental tissues and reducing the application procedures. The high number of application steps of etch&rinse systems and the risk of decrease in bonding strength due to collapse of collagen fibrils, also lower bonding strength on enamel of self-etch systems are considered as disadvantages of these systems. One of the main problems of current adhesive systems is that it is not possible to maintain equal bonding to dental hard tissues in different structures (healthy, carious, sclerotic dentin, enamel) and other dental materials. Therefore, new adhesive systems named 'universal' or 'multi-mode' were recently introduced in market. Universal adhesive systems were developed by adding functional acidic monomers in one-step self-etch adhesive systems and creating chemical bonds with hydroxyl apatite crystals. These systems are called 'universal' due to their ability of bonding to various dental substrates such as dental tissue, ceramics, light-cured or dual-cured composite resins and metals. In this review, studies in the literature related to universal adhesive systems were investigated and information about the contents, application techniques and performances of the systems was obtained. Universal adhesives have been shown to provide restorative procedure variety and adhesion strategies as well as mechanical and chemical bonding in enamel and dentin.
Keywords: Universal adhesives; adhesive systems; review
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