Amaç: Çalışmamızın amacı, alıcı plazmasında kan grubu sistemi antijenlerine karşı gelişen ABO dışı antikorların, kliniğimizce takip edilen hasta profili içerisinde görülme sıklığını ve önemini saptamaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: 01 Ocak 2015-31 Aralık 2019 tarihleri arasında, Osmangazi Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Transfüzyon Merkezi'nde serum antikor tarama ve tanımlama çalışılan hastalardan iç hastalıkları ana bilim dalına başvurusu olan hastaların dâhil edildiği bu çalışmada, hastaların verileri retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. Bulgular: ABO dışı kan grubu ile immünizasyon saptanan 198 hastadan 61'inde otoantikor, 152'sinde ise alloantikor saptanmıştır. Tanımlanabilen alloantikorlar içinde en sık görülenler sırasıyla 36 hasta ile antiE, 27 hasta ile anti-D, 21 hasta ile anti-K, 16 hasta ile anti-c, 14 hasta ile anti-C, 9 hasta ile anti-Fya, 8 hasta ile anti-M, 7 hasta ile anti-e, 7 hasta ile anti-Lea, 5 hasta ile anti-Jka, 3 hasta ile anti-Jkb, 1 hasta ile anti-Leb, 1 hasta ile anti-Fyb ve 1 hasta ile anti-S'dir. Otuz hastada ise alloantikor tipi tanımlanamamıştır. Yüz otuz dört hastaya eritrosit süspansiyonu transfüzyonu yapılmış ve 20 hastada febril non-hemolitik transfüzyon reaksiyonu, 1 hastada ise alerjik transfüzyon reaksiyonu görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir. Alloantikora bağlı hemolitik transfüzyon reaksiyonu saptanmamıştır. Sonuç: Plazmalarında beklenmedik antikor bulunan hastaların büyük çoğunluğunda, Rh sistemi antijenlerine ve K antijenik yapısına ait antikor saptanmıştır. Hemolitik transfüzyon reaksiyonuna yol açma ihtimali yüksek olan bu antikorların oluşumunu önlemek için Rh kan grubu ve K antijenik yapıları ile uygun transfüzyon yapılmasının önem taşıdığını düşünmekteyiz.
Anahtar Kelimeler: ABO kan grubu sistemi; Rh kan grubu sistemi; immünizasyon; kan transfüzyonu
Objective: With this study, we aimed to reveal the incidence and importance of alloantibodies directed to non-ABO blood group system antigens in the recipient's plasma in the patients who admitted to the internal medicine department in our university. Material and Methods: Among the patients whose antibody screening and identification tests were performed in Osmangazi University Transfusion Center between January 01, 2015-December 31, 2019, patients who admitted to the internal medicine department were included in this study. The data of the patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among 198 patients who were immunized with blood group system antigens, 61 had autoantibodies and 152 had alloantibodies. The most common alloantibody among 152 patients was anti-E, which was seen in 36 of patients, followed by anti-D in 27, anti-K in 21, anti-c in 16, anti-C in 14, anti-Fya in 9, anti-M in 8, anti-e in 7, anti-Lea in 7, anti-Jka in 5, antiJkb in 3, anti-Leb in 1, anti-Fyb in 1 and anti-S in 1 of the patients. The type of alloantibody could not be identified in 30 of the patients. Out of 198 patients who were immunized with blood group antigens, 134 had a red blood cell transfusion. We determined that among 134 transfused patients, 20 had a febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reaction and 1 had an allergic transfusion reaction after the blood transfusion. Alloantibodyrelated hemolytic transfusion reaction was not observed in transfused patients. Conclusion: We detected the most common antibodies among the patients with unexpected antibodies in their plasma were Rh system antigens and K antigen derived antibodies. We think that compatible transfusion with Rh blood group and K antigenic structures is important in order to prevent the formation of these antibodies, which are likely to cause a hemolytic transfusion reaction.
Keywords: ABO blood-group system; Rh blood group system; immunisation; blood transfusion
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