Amaç: Total diz protezi (TDP) cerrahisi için ameliyathaneye gelen hasta sayısı, insanların yaşam beklentileri ile artmaktadır. Genellikle spinal anestezi ile gerçekleştirilen bu cerrahilerde sedasyon ajanları sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, 60 yaş ve üzeri spinal anestezi ile TDP operasyonu geçirmiş hastalarda kullanılan deksmedetomidin, midazolam ve propofol sedasyon ajanlarının postoperatif kognitif fonksiyon üzerindeki olası etkilerinin değerlendirmesi amaçlandı. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmamız, etik kurul onayı alındıktan sonra 60 hasta ile yapılan prospektif gözlemsel bir klinik çalışmadır. Spinal anestezi ile TDP operasyonu geçiren, 60 yaş üstü, ASA I-III risk grubunda yer alan ve kognitif bozukluk üzerinde etkili olabilecek nörolojik veya psikiyatrik hastalığı bulunmayan hastaların onamları alındı. Çalışma kapsamında hastalar, sedasyon verilmeyen kontrol grubu ile deksmedetomidin, midazolam ve propofol gruplarına ayrıldı. Postoperatif dönemde, derlenme odasında ve ameliyattan 3 gün sonra Mini Mental Test (MMT) uygulanarak kognitif fonksiyonları değerlendirildi. Daha sonra MMT sonuçları karşılaştırılıp sedatif ilaçlar arasındaki postoperatif kognitif disfonksiyon (POKD) oranları değerlendirildi. Aynı ilaç grubu içinde yaş, cinsiyet, ASA skoru, derlenme odasına sedasyon skoru gibi değerlerin POKD üzerindeki etkileri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Gruplar arasında derlenme odasında MMT puanları yönünden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark olup, söz konusu farka neden olan durum; kontrol grubuna (27,0±1,1) göre sırasıyla; deksmedetomidin (22,9±1,1), midazolam (22,3±1,1) ve propofol (23,3±1,3) gruplarının MMT puanlarının daha düşük olmasıydı. İlaçların birbirleri arasında istatistiksel olarak fark yoktu. Gruplar arasında postop 3. gün MMT puanları yönünden de anlamlı farklılık görülmedi (p=0,396). Sonuç: Spinal anestezi ve sedasyon ile TDP cerrahisi geçiren hastalarda kullanılan propofol, deksmedetomidin ve midazolam ilaçları arasında erken postoperatif kognitif fonksiyon açısından fark görülmemiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Total diz protezi; spinal anestezi; sedasyon; kognitif fonksiyon bozukluğu
Objective: The number of patients undergoing total knee replacement (TKR) surgery is increasing with the rise in life expectancy. These surgeries are typically performed under spinal anesthesia, and sedative agents are frequently used. This study aims to evaluate the potential effects of sedative agents-dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and propofol-on postoperative cognitive function in patients aged 60 and older who have undergone TKR surgery with spinal anesthesia. Material and Methods: Our study is a prospective observational clinical study conducted with 60 patients after receiving ethics committee approval. Consent was obtained from patients who underwent TKR operation with spinal anesthesia, were over 60 years of age, in the ASA I-III risk group, and had no neurological or psychiatric disease that could affect cognitive impairment. Within the scope of the study, patients were divided into a control group without sedation and dexmedetomidine, midazolam, and propofol groups. Cognitive functions were assessed by applying Mini Mental Test (MMT) in the postoperative period, in the recovery room, and 3 days after surgery. Then, MMT results were compared and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) rates among sedative drugs were evaluated. The effects of values such as age, gender, ASA score, and sedation score in the recovery room on POCD were evaluated within the same drug group. Results: In the recovery room, MMT scores were significantly lower in the dexmedetomidine (22.9±1.1), midazolam (22.3±1.1), and propofol (23.3±1.3) groups compared to the control group (27.0±1.1). There were no significant differences between the sedative agents (p>0.05). On the 3rd postoperative day, no significant differences in MMT scores were observed among the groups (p=0.396). Conclusion: There were no significant differences in early POCD among propofol, dexmedetomidine, and midazolam used in patients undergoing TKR with spinal anesthesia.
Keywords: Total knee replacement; spinal anesthesia; sedation; cognitive functions disorders
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