Bir organizmanın veya belirli bir biyolojik örneğin tüm metabolitlerinin kapsamlı nicel analizi olarak tanımlanan metabolomik, son zamanlarda oldukça sık kullanılan omik-tekniklerinden birisidir. Metabolomik, hastalıkların tanısı, patolojilerde risk faktörlerini belirleme ve ilişkilendirme, bir tedavinin etkinliğini izleme, ilaç keşfini ve geliştirmeyi kolaylaştırma, yeni biyobelirteçlerin keşfi ve kullanımı gibi çeşitli alanlara hizmet eden bir araç olarak yaygın bir şekilde kullanılmaktadır. Yeni tanısal ve prognostik hastalık biyobelirteçlerinin keşfine ve karmaşık hastalıkların patolojik mekanizmalarının anlaşılmasına yönelik bütünsel bir yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Toksik etki mekanizmalarının aydınlatılması ile kimyasalların potansiyel tehlikelerini belirlemek, yeni bileşiklerin güvenlilik profili değerlendirmesinin geliştirilmesi için toksikoloji çalışmalarında kendisine yer bulmuştur. Metabolomik, tehlikeli bir bileşiğin potansiyel hedeflerinin hızlı bir şekilde tanımlanmasını sağlayarak hedef organlar hakkında bilgi verebilir ve genellikle belirli bir bileşiğin etki mekanizmasını anlamamıza yardımcı olabilir. Toksik bir maruziyet sonucu oluşan hasarın sadece kapsamını değil, aynı zamanda onun altında yatan mekanizmaları da gösteren ve bu mekanizmalar hakkında bilgi toplamak için güçlü bir araçtır. Geleneksel olarak hayvan modellerinde ve giderek artan bir şekilde in vitro test sistemleri kullanılarak toksikolojik süreçleri incelemek için kullanılmaktadır. Bu derleme kapsamında metabolom analizinin diğer omik yaklaşımlardan farkı, kullanılan analitik teknikler, hedeflenmiş ve hedeflenmemiş metabolomik yaklaşımlar ile kullanılan veri tabanlarından kısaca bahsedildikten sonra toksikoloji alanında güncel metabolomik kullanımını konu alan çalışmalar derlenmiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Analitik toksikoloji; adli toksikoloji; omik toksikoloji; metabolom; metabolomikler
Metabolomic, which is defined as the comprehensive quantitative analysis of all metabolites of an organism or a particular biological sample, is one of the most frequently used omics techniques recently. Metabolomic is widely used as a tool that serves various fields such as diagnosis of diseases, identifying and associating risk factors in pathologies, monitoring the effectiveness of a treatment, facilitating drug discovery and development, discovery and use of new biomarkers. It offers a holistic approach to the discovery of new diagnostic and prognostic disease biomarkers and understanding of the pathological mechanisms of complex diseases. It has found a place in toxicology studies to identify the potential hazards of chemicals by elucidating the toxic effects mechanisms and to develop the safety profile evaluation of new compounds. Metabolomic can provide rapid identification of potential targets of a hazardous compound by providing information about target organs and often helping us to understand the mechanism of action of a particular compound. It is a powerful tool for collecting information about and pointing out not only the extent of damage caused by a toxic exposure, but also the underlying mechanisms. Metabolomic has traditionally been used in animal models and currently is being used to study toxicological processes via in vitro test systems. Within the scope of this review, the difference of metabolome analysis from other omics approaches, the analytical techniques used, targeted and non-targeted metabolomics approaches and databases used are briefly mentioned, and then the studies on the current use of metabolomics in the field of toxicology are reviewed.
Keywords: Analytic toxicology; forensic toxicology; omics toxicology; metabolome; metabolomics
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