Tiroid cerrahisi, günümüz cerrahi pratiğinde sık uygulanan cerrahi prosedürlerden biridir. Eskiden çok korkulan bir cerrahi alan iken, günümüzde cerrahi teknikteki ve teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde çok daha az morbidite ve mortalite ile uygulanmaktadır. Tiroid cerrahisi komplikasyonları arasında; kanama ve üst solunum yolu obstrüksiyonu, geçici veya kalıcı hipoparatiroidi ve hipokalsemi, geçici veya kalıcı rekürrens laringeal sinir yaralanması, süperior laringeal sinirin eksternal dalının yaralanması ve hipertrofik skar ya da keloid oluşumu sayılabilmektedir. Tüm bu komplikasyonların önlenmesindeki ilk basamak preoperatif uygun hazırlık, intraoperatif sistematik ve dikkatli diseksiyondur. Postoperatif dönemde karşılaşılan komplikasyonların ise doğru yönetilmesi ve uygun tedavisi sayesinde mümkün olduğunca az morbidite ile komplikasyonların yönetimi sağlanabilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Hipokalsemi; hipoparatiroidi; komplikasyonlar; rekürren laringeal sinir; tiroidektomi
Thyroid surgery is one of the most common surgical procedures in today's surgical practice. While once it was a very fearful surgical procedure, nowadays it is carried out with much less morbidity and mortality, due to improvements in surgical technique, and technological advances. Complications of thyroid surgery include bleeding and upper airway obstruction, transient or permanent hypoparathyroidism and hypocalcemia, temporary or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, external branch injury of the superior laryngeal nerve, and hypertrophic scar or keloid formation. The first step in the prevention of all of these complications is appropriate preoperative preparation and intraoperative systematic and careful dissection. With the correct management and the appropriate treatment of the complications encountered in the postoperative period, the management of the complications could be achieved with as little morbidity as possible.
Keywords: Hypocalcemia; hypoparathyroidism; complications; recurrent laryngeal nerve; thyroidectomy
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