Objective: Temporomandibular disorder (TMD), a musculoskeletal disease, especially when it becomes chronic, may result in functional limitation and disability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between functional limitation and disability with sociodemographic characteristics and clinical symptoms in patients with TMD. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, clinical study was conducted on patients diagnosed with temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMDs (DC/TMD) in the oral and maxillofacial surgery clinic of a university. In clinical examination, the patients were evaluated in terms of pain, maximum mouth opening (MMO) and joint sounds (click, crepitus). Functional limitation was evaluated with Jaw Functional Limitation Scale-20 (JFLS-20), and disability status was evaluated with Temporomandibular Disability Index (TDI). Results: 381 TMD patients (318 females, 63 males) were included in the study. JFLS-20 and TDI scores significantly increased as participants' MMO decreased and TMJ pain level increased (p<0.001). Those with joint noise complaints such as clicking and crepitation had higher JFLS-20 and TDI scores than those without (p<0.001). In addition, a strong correlation was observed between the MMO, pain, values of the JFLS-20, and TDI scores. Conclusion: Clinical symptoms in TMD patients are closely related to functional limitation and disability. Worsening of clinical symptoms in TMD patients causes an increase in functional limitation and disability.
Keywords: Temporomandibular disorder; sociodemographic characteristic; clinical symptom; functional limitation; disability
Amaç: Bir kas-iskelet sistemi hastalığı olan temporomandibular bozukluğu (TMB), özellikle kronikleştiğinde fonksiyonel kısıtlılığa ve sakatlığa neden olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, TMB hastalarında fonksiyonel kısıtlılık ve sakatlık ile sosyodemografik özellikler ve klinik belirtiler arasındaki ilişkiyi değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu kesitsel klinik çalışma, bir üniversitenin ağız, diş ve çene cerrahisi kliniğinde TMB tanı kriterlerine (TK/TMB) göre temporomandibular eklem (TME) bozukluğu tanısı alan hastalar üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Klinik muayenede hastalar eklem ağrısı, maksimum ağız açıklığı (MAA) ve eklem sesleri (klik, krepitus) açısından değerlendirildi. Fonksiyonel kısıtlılık Çene Fonksiyonları Sınırlama Ölçeği-20 (ÇFSÖ-20) ile sakatlık durumu ise Temporomandibular Sakatlık İndeksi (TSİ) ile değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya 381 TMB hastası (318 kadın, 63 erkek) dâhil edildi. Katılımcıların MAA'sı azaldıkça ve TME ağrı düzeyi arttıkça ÇFSÖ-20 ve TSİ skorları anlamlı düzeyde arttı (p<0,001). Klik ve krepitasyon gibi eklem sesi şikâyeti olanların ÇFSÖ-20 ve TSİ skorları olmayanlara göre daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Ayrıca MAA, ağrı, ÇFSÖ-20 değerleri ve TSİ skorları arasında da güçlü bir korelasyon gözlendi. Sonuç: TMB hastalarındaki klinik semptomlar fonksiyonel kısıtlılık ve sakatlık ile yakından ilişkilidir. TMB hastalarında klinik bulguların kötüleşmesi fonksiyonel kısıtlılığın ve sakatlığın artmasına neden olur.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Temporomandibular bozukluk; sosyodemografik özellik; klinik semptom; fonksiyonel kısıtlılık; sakatlık
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