.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
The Effect of Warm Foot Bath Applied Before Capillary Heel Blood Sampling for Term Newborns: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Term Yenidoğanlarda Kapiller Topuk Kanı Alınmadan Önce Uygulanan Ilık Ayak Banyosunun Etkisi: Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma
Turkiye Klinikleri J Nurs Sci. 2024;16(4):1003-12
doi: 10.5336/nurses.2024-102773
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
Ücretsiz Erişim
ABSTRACT
Objective: This research aimed to assess the effect of warm foot bath applied before capillary heel blood sampling for newborns on pain level and procedure duration. Material and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, eighty term neonates were randomly assigned to a hot foot bath group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). The warm foot bath's effectiveness was evaluated at four time points: basal/one minute before the heel puncture (T1), during the heel puncture (T2), 1 minute after the heel puncture (T3), and 5 minutes after the heel puncture (T4). In the study, to determine the efficacy of the warm foot bath, neonates were recorded for six minutes before heel puncture and five minutes after heel puncture with a video camera. The video camera data were assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale by two specialists who were independent of the study. Results: Pain scores in the warm foot bath group were significantly lower than the control group both during heel puncture and one minute after heel puncture (p<0.01). In addition, the total procedure time was significantly shorter in the intervention than in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Warm foot bath before capillary heel blood sampling reduces acute pain, and shortens the total procedure time in term newborns. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05220930) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05220930.
Keywords: Foot bath; pain; heel blood sampling; newborn; warm application
Objective: This research aimed to assess the effect of warm foot bath applied before capillary heel blood sampling for newborns on pain level and procedure duration. Material and Methods: In this randomized controlled trial, eighty term neonates were randomly assigned to a hot foot bath group (n=40) and a control group (n=40). The warm foot bath's effectiveness was evaluated at four time points: basal/one minute before the heel puncture (T1), during the heel puncture (T2), 1 minute after the heel puncture (T3), and 5 minutes after the heel puncture (T4). In the study, to determine the efficacy of the warm foot bath, neonates were recorded for six minutes before heel puncture and five minutes after heel puncture with a video camera. The video camera data were assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale by two specialists who were independent of the study. Results: Pain scores in the warm foot bath group were significantly lower than the control group both during heel puncture and one minute after heel puncture (p<0.01). In addition, the total procedure time was significantly shorter in the intervention than in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Warm foot bath before capillary heel blood sampling reduces acute pain, and shortens the total procedure time in term newborns. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05220930) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05220930.
Keywords: Foot bath; pain; heel blood sampling; newborn; warm application
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenidoğanlar için kapiller topuk kanı alınmadan önce uygulanan ılık ayak banyosunun ağrı düzeyi ve işlem süresi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu randomize kontrollü çalışmada, 80 term yenidoğan ılık ayak banyosu grubuna (n=40) ve kontrol grubuna (n=40) rastgele atanmıştır. Ilık ayak banyosunun etkinliği 4 zaman noktasında değerlendirilmiştir: bazal/ topuk ponksiyonundan bir dakika önce (T1), topuk ponksiyonu sırasında (T2), topuk ponksiyonundan 1 dakika sonra (T3) ve topuk ponksiyonundan 5 dakika sonra (T4). Çalışmada, ılık ayak banyosunun etkinliğini belirlemek için yenidoğanlar topuk ponksiyonundan önce 6 dakika ve topuk ponksiyonundan sonra 5 dakika boyunca video kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Video kamera verileri, çalışmadan bağımsız iki uzman tarafından Yenidoğan Bebek Ağrı Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ilık ayak banyosu grubundaki ağrı skorları hem topuk ponksiyonu sırasında hem de topuk ponksiyonundan 1 dakika sonra kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşüktür (p<0,01). Ayrıca toplam işlem süresi girişim grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede kısadır (p<0,001). Sonuç: Kapiller topuk kanı örneklemesinden önce ılık ayak banyosu, term yenidoğanlarda akut ağrıyı azaltır ve toplam işlem süresini kısaltır. Bu çalışma, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05220930) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05220930 adresinde kayıtlıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayak banyosu; ağrı; topuk kanı örneği toplama; yenidoğan; ılık uygulama
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, yenidoğanlar için kapiller topuk kanı alınmadan önce uygulanan ılık ayak banyosunun ağrı düzeyi ve işlem süresi üzerine etkisini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu randomize kontrollü çalışmada, 80 term yenidoğan ılık ayak banyosu grubuna (n=40) ve kontrol grubuna (n=40) rastgele atanmıştır. Ilık ayak banyosunun etkinliği 4 zaman noktasında değerlendirilmiştir: bazal/ topuk ponksiyonundan bir dakika önce (T1), topuk ponksiyonu sırasında (T2), topuk ponksiyonundan 1 dakika sonra (T3) ve topuk ponksiyonundan 5 dakika sonra (T4). Çalışmada, ılık ayak banyosunun etkinliğini belirlemek için yenidoğanlar topuk ponksiyonundan önce 6 dakika ve topuk ponksiyonundan sonra 5 dakika boyunca video kamera ile kaydedilmiştir. Video kamera verileri, çalışmadan bağımsız iki uzman tarafından Yenidoğan Bebek Ağrı Ölçeği kullanılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: Ilık ayak banyosu grubundaki ağrı skorları hem topuk ponksiyonu sırasında hem de topuk ponksiyonundan 1 dakika sonra kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede düşüktür (p<0,01). Ayrıca toplam işlem süresi girişim grubunda kontrol grubuna göre anlamlı derecede kısadır (p<0,001). Sonuç: Kapiller topuk kanı örneklemesinden önce ılık ayak banyosu, term yenidoğanlarda akut ağrıyı azaltır ve toplam işlem süresini kısaltır. Bu çalışma, ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05220930) https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05220930 adresinde kayıtlıdır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Ayak banyosu; ağrı; topuk kanı örneği toplama; yenidoğan; ılık uygulama
REFERANSLAR:
- Dolu Kaya FN, Karakoç A. Efficacy of mechanical vibration of heel stick pain in neonates. Exp Heal Sci. 2018;8(2):122-7. [Link]
- Sapkota PS, Bhandari SS, Karn BK. Efficacy of heel warming on pain response to heel stick in neonates. J Nepal Paediatr Soc. 2021;41(1):48-53. [Crossref]
- Apaydin Cirik V, Gül U, Kihtir Z, Arayici S, Efe E, Çakmak H, et al. The effect of using maternal voice, white noise, and holding combination interventions on the heel stick sampling. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023;70:1-11. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Williams MD, Lascelles BDX. Early neonatal pain-a review of clinical and experimental implications on painful conditions later in life. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:30. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Goto T, Inoue T, Kamiya C, Kawabe H, Higuchi M, Suyama M, et al. Neonatal pain response to automatic lancet versus needle heel-prick blood sampling: A prospective randomized controlled clinical trial. Pediatr Int. 2020;62(3):357-62. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Karabıyıkoğurlu Ö, Turalbüyük E, Yildizlar O. The effect of warm compression applied before heel lance on pain level, comfort level and procedure time in healthy term newborns: A randomized clinical trial. J Midwifery Reprod Heal. 2019;8(3):2276-83. [Link]
- Toennesen UL, Kierkegaard H, Kofoed PE, Madsen JS, Fenger-Gron J, Noergaard B, et al. Warming prior to heel stick: blood sample quality and infant comfort-a randomized controlled trial. Adv Neonatal Care. 2023;23(6):E129-E38. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Merter OS, Bolişik ZB. The effects of manual and automatic lancets on neonatal capillary heel blood sampling pain: a prospective randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;58:e8-e12. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Shu SH, Lee YL, Hayter M, Wang RH. Efficacy of swaddling and heel warming on pain response to heel stick in neonates: a randomised control trial. J Clin Nurs. 2014;23(21-22):3107-14. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gao H, Li M, Gao H, Xu G, Li F, Zhou J, et al. Effect of non-nutritive sucking and sucrose alone and in combination for repeated procedural pain in preterm infants: A randomized controlled trial. Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;83:25-33. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Davari S, Borimnejad L, Khosravi S, Haghani H. The effect of the facilitated tucking position on pain intensity during heel stick blood sampling in premature infants: a surprising result. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2019;32(20):3427-30. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Aydin D, İnal S. Effects of breastfeeding and heel warming on pain levels during heel stick in neonates. Int J Nurs Pract. 2019;25(3):e12734. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Avcin E, Kucukoglu S. The effect of breastfeeding, kangaroo care, and facilitated tucking positioning in reducing the pain during heel stick in neonates. J Pediatr Nurs. 2021;61:410-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Unvar F, Tas Arslan F. Effectiveness of maternal-targeted training on nonpharmacologic pain management on heel stick sampling: A randomized controlled trial. J Pediatr Nurs. 2023;73:e477-e83. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pazarcıkcı F, Aydınlı A. Effect of heel warming with a thermofor at two different temperatures before heel stick sampling in healthy term neonates on total crying and procedure durations: A randomized controlled trial. Acıbadem Univ Heal Sci J. 2023;14(4):739-46. [Crossref]
- Cong X. Heel stick test for obtaining blood samples in neonates: both swaddling and heel warming may help, but heel warming appears to provide greater pain reduction. Evid Based Nurs. 2015;18(4):118. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Mir M, Benham Vashani H, Sadeghi T, Boskabadi H, Khorshahi A. Effects of Yakson therapeutic touch and heel warming on pain caused by heel stick procedure, vital signs, and cry duration in full-term neonates. Evid Based Care. 2018;8(2):49-57. [Link]
- Uslu Y, Akbayrak H, Kuytak Ortahisar B, Barak TH. The effect of lavender foot baths on postoperative pain and sleep quality in comparison with foot baths with warm water only-A prospective randomized controlled study. Explore (NY). 2024;20(3):385-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Olanipekun A, Alhassan AK, Musa FH, Usman HY, Can N, Pasteur. The Effect of Foot Bath Therapy on the Dynamics of Cortical Oscillatory Waves in Healthy Humans : An EEG Study. Journal of Research in Medical and Dental Science. 2019;7(2):57-61. [Link]
- Cal E, Cakiroglu B, Kurt AN, Hartiningsih SS, Suryani, Dane S. The potential beneficial effects of hand and foot bathing on vital signs in women with caesarean section. Clin Invest Med. 2016;39(6):27508. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kim HJ, Lee Y, Sohng KY. The effects of footbath on sleep among the older adults in nursing home: A quasi-experimental study. Complement Ther Med. 2016;26:40-6. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Matsumoto S, Shimodozono M, Etoh S, Shimozono Y, Tanaka N, Kawahira K. Beneficial effects of footbaths in controlling spasticity after stroke. Int J Biometeorol. 2010;54(4):465-73. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Park R, Park C. Comparison of foot bathing and foot massage in chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy. Cancer Nurs. 2015;38(3):239-47. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kito K, Suzuki K. Research on the effect of the foot bath and foot massage on residual schizophrenia patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2016;30(3):375-81. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Akyuz Ozdemir F, Can G. The effect of warm salt water foot bath on the management of chemotherapy-induced fatigue. Eur J Oncol Nurs. 2021;52:101954. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Maheshkumar K, Pandiaraja M, Venugopal V, Poonguzhali S, Sundareswaran L. Effects of hot foot and arm bath in bronchial asthma: A single case report. Foot (Edinb). 2020;42:101651. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Buyuk E. The effect of local application of heat before heel lancing procedure on duration of crying and procedure. Int J Caring Sci. 2018;11(3):1526-30. [Link]
- Lawrence J, Alcock D, McGrath P, Kay J, MacMurray SB, Dulberg C. The development of a tool to assess neonatal pain. Neonatal Netw. 1993;12(6):59-66. [PubMed]
- Pasha YZ, Gholami S, Roshan PA, Ashrafpoor M, Rad ZA, Kachu MA, et al. Effect of the local heat on the pain of vitamin K injection in the infants. Int J Pediatr. 2016;4(36):4081-8. [Link]
.: İşlem Listesi