.: ORİJİNAL ARAŞTIRMA
The Effect of Different Doses of Beetroot Juice on Exercise Performance: An Experimental Study
Farklı Dozlardaki Pancar Suyunun Egzersiz Performansına Etkisi: Deneysel Bir Çalışma
Turkiye Klinikleri J Sports Sci. 2023;15(3):405-12
doi: 10.5336/sportsci.2023-95613
Makale Dili: EN
Tam Metin
ABSTRACT
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of beetroot juice (BJ) on submaximal exercise performance in elite male short-distance runners. Material and Methods: Twelve elite male short-distance runners (mean age: 19.0±1.54 years, mean body weight: 66.0±4.7 kg, mean height: 176.5±5.3 cm, mean body fat: 7.68±2.78%) voluntarily participated in this single-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover design trial. The study design involved three separate occasions with one-week intervals between sessions. Participants consumed BJ containing different nitrate (NO3 −) doses (0.04 mmol as placebo, 6 mmol, or 10 mmol) three hours before each exercise trial. Participants performed treadmill exercise tests until exhaustion at 85% HR reserve, during which time to task failure (TTF), HR, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and rating of perceived hunger (RPH) were recorded. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before BJ ingestion, pre and post exercise. All trials were conducted between 8 and 12 AM. Results: When blood pressures were examined, a statistically significant difference was found the both BJ trials (6 mmol and 10 mmol NO3 −) compared to placebo trial (p0.05). Conclusion: In male elite short-distance runners, 10 mmol NO3 − BJ dose may enhance performance, while the 6 mmol NO3 − BJ dose did not show such an effect.
Keywords: Performance; beetroot juice; ergogenic aids; blood pressure; fatigue
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of beetroot juice (BJ) on submaximal exercise performance in elite male short-distance runners. Material and Methods: Twelve elite male short-distance runners (mean age: 19.0±1.54 years, mean body weight: 66.0±4.7 kg, mean height: 176.5±5.3 cm, mean body fat: 7.68±2.78%) voluntarily participated in this single-blind, placebocontrolled, crossover design trial. The study design involved three separate occasions with one-week intervals between sessions. Participants consumed BJ containing different nitrate (NO3 −) doses (0.04 mmol as placebo, 6 mmol, or 10 mmol) three hours before each exercise trial. Participants performed treadmill exercise tests until exhaustion at 85% HR reserve, during which time to task failure (TTF), HR, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and rating of perceived hunger (RPH) were recorded. Blood pressure (BP) was measured before BJ ingestion, pre and post exercise. All trials were conducted between 8 and 12 AM. Results: When blood pressures were examined, a statistically significant difference was found the both BJ trials (6 mmol and 10 mmol NO3 −) compared to placebo trial (p0.05). Conclusion: In male elite short-distance runners, 10 mmol NO3 − BJ dose may enhance performance, while the 6 mmol NO3 − BJ dose did not show such an effect.
Keywords: Performance; beetroot juice; ergogenic aids; blood pressure; fatigue
ÖZET
Amaç: Bu çalışma, elit erkek kısa mesafe koşucularında farklı dozlardaki pancar suyunun submaksimal koşu performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tek kör, plasebo kontrollü, çapraz tasarımlı deneme modeli ile yapılan bu çalısmaya ̧ on iki elit düzeyde kısa mesafe kosucusu (ya ̧ ş: 19,0±1,54 yıl, vücut ağırlığı: 66,0±4,7 kg, boy: 176,5±5,3 cm, vücut yağı yüzdesi: 7,68±2,78) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışma tasarımı, denemeler arasında bir haftalık ara verilecek şekilde üç ayrı test sürecini içermiştir. Katılımcılar, test sürecinden üç saat önce farklı nitrat (NO3 − ) dozlarını içeren pancar suyu tüketmişlerdir (plasebo olarak 0,04 mmol, 6 mmol veya 10 mmol). Katılımcılar, kalp atım hızı (KAH) rezervinin %85'inde tükeninceye kadar koşu bandında koşmuştur. Bu süre zarfında KAH, hissedilen yorgunluk ve açlık dereceleri kaydedilmiştir. Pancar suyu tüketiminden önce, test öncesi ve sonrası kan basıncı ölçülmüştür. Tüm denemeler sabah saat 8 ile 12 arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kan basınçları incelendiğinde; 6 mmol ve 10 mmol NO3 − pancar suyu denemeleriyle plasebo denemesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p0,05). Sonuç: Erkek elit kısa mesafe koşucularında, 10 mmol NO3 − pancar suyu performansı artırabilirken, 6 mmol NO3 − pancar suyu dozu böyle bir etki göstermemiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Performans; pancar suyu; ergojenik yardımcılar; kan basıncı; yorgunluk
Amaç: Bu çalışma, elit erkek kısa mesafe koşucularında farklı dozlardaki pancar suyunun submaksimal koşu performansı üzerindeki etkilerini incelemeyi amaçlamıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Tek kör, plasebo kontrollü, çapraz tasarımlı deneme modeli ile yapılan bu çalısmaya ̧ on iki elit düzeyde kısa mesafe kosucusu (ya ̧ ş: 19,0±1,54 yıl, vücut ağırlığı: 66,0±4,7 kg, boy: 176,5±5,3 cm, vücut yağı yüzdesi: 7,68±2,78) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışma tasarımı, denemeler arasında bir haftalık ara verilecek şekilde üç ayrı test sürecini içermiştir. Katılımcılar, test sürecinden üç saat önce farklı nitrat (NO3 − ) dozlarını içeren pancar suyu tüketmişlerdir (plasebo olarak 0,04 mmol, 6 mmol veya 10 mmol). Katılımcılar, kalp atım hızı (KAH) rezervinin %85'inde tükeninceye kadar koşu bandında koşmuştur. Bu süre zarfında KAH, hissedilen yorgunluk ve açlık dereceleri kaydedilmiştir. Pancar suyu tüketiminden önce, test öncesi ve sonrası kan basıncı ölçülmüştür. Tüm denemeler sabah saat 8 ile 12 arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular: Kan basınçları incelendiğinde; 6 mmol ve 10 mmol NO3 − pancar suyu denemeleriyle plasebo denemesi arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark bulunmuştur (p0,05). Sonuç: Erkek elit kısa mesafe koşucularında, 10 mmol NO3 − pancar suyu performansı artırabilirken, 6 mmol NO3 − pancar suyu dozu böyle bir etki göstermemiştir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Performans; pancar suyu; ergojenik yardımcılar; kan basıncı; yorgunluk
REFERANSLAR:
- Jones AM, Thompson C, Wylie LJ, Vanhatalo A. Dietary nitrate and physical performance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2018;38:303-28. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Ormsbee MJ, Lox J, Arciero PJ. Beetroot juice and exercise performance. Nutr Diet Suppl. 2013;5:27-35. [Crossref]
- Kerksick CM, Wilborn CD, Roberts MD, Smith-Ryan A, Kleiner SM, Jäger R, et al. ISSN exercise & sports nutrition review update: research & recommendations. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2018;15(1):38. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Cermak NM, Res P, Stinkens R, Lundberg JO, Gibala MJ, van Loon LJ. No improvement in endurance performance after a single dose of beetroot juice. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2012;22(6):470-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Lansley KE, Winyard PG, Bailey SJ, Vanhatalo A, Wilkerson DP, Blackwell JR, et al. Acute dietary nitrate supplementation improves cycling time trial performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011;43(6):1125-31. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Domínguez R, Cuenca E, Maté-Mu-oz JL, García-Fernández P, Serra-Paya N, Estevan MC, et al. Effects of beetroot juice supplementation on cardiorespiratory endurance in athletes. a systematic review. Nutrients. 2017;9(1):43. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Webb AJ, Patel N, Loukogeorgakis S, Okorie M, Aboud Z, Misra S, et al. Acute blood pressure lowering, vasoprotective, and antiplatelet properties of dietary nitrate via bioconversion to nitrite. Hypertension. 2008;51(3):784-90. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Thompson KG, Turner L, Prichard J, Dodd F, Kennedy DO, Haskell C, et al. Influence of dietary nitrate supplementation on physiological and cognitive responses to incremental cycle exercise. Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2014;193:11-20. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wylie LJ, Kelly J, Bailey SJ, Blackwell JR, Skiba PF, Winyard PG, et al. Beetroot juice and exercise: pharmacodynamic and dose-response relationships. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2013;115(3):325-36. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Peeling P, Cox GR, Bullock N, Burke LM. Beetroot juice improves on-water 500 M time-trial performance, and laboratory-based paddling economy in national and international-level kayak athletes. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2015;25(3):278-84. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Perrotta AS, Jeklin AT, Hives BA, Meanwell LE, Warburton DER. Validity of the elite HRV smartphone application for examining heart rate variability in a field-based setting. J Strength Cond Res. 2017;31(8):2296-302. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Pawlak-Chaouch M, Boissière J, Munyaneza D, Gamelin FX, Cuvelier G, Berthoin S, et al. Beetroot juice does not enhance supramaximal intermittent exercise performance in elite endurance athletes. J Am Coll Nutr. 2019;38(8):729-38. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Wewers ME, Lowe NK. A critical review of visual analogue scales in the measurement of clinical phenomena. Res Nurs Health. 1990;13(4):227-36. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Borg GA. Psychophysical bases of perceived exertion. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1982;14(5):377-81. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Conger SA, Zamzow CM, Darnell ME. Acute beet juice supplementation does not improve 30- or 60-second maximal intensity performance in anaerobically trained athletes. Int J Exerc Sci. 2021;14(2):60-75. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Sandbakk SB, Sandbakk Ø, Peacock O, James P, Welde B, Stokes K, et al. Effects of acute supplementation of L-arginine and nitrate on endurance and sprint performance in elite athletes. Nitric Oxide. 2015;48:10-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Leong P, Basham JE, Yong T, Chazan A, Finlay P, Barnes S, et al. A double blind randomized placebo control crossover trial on the effect of dietary nitrate supplementation on exercise tolerance in stable moderate chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. BMC Pulm Med. 2015;15:52. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Carriker CR, Vaughan RA, VanDusseldorp TA, Johnson KE, Beltz NM, McCormick JJ, et al. Nitrate-containing beetroot juice reduces oxygen consumption during submaximal exercise in low but not high aerobically fit male runners. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem. 2016;20(4):27-34. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Peacock O, Tjønna AE, James P, Wisløff U, Welde B, Böhlke N, et al. Dietary nitrate does not enhance running performance in elite cross-country skiers. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2012;44(11):2213-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Murphy M, Eliot K, Heuertz RM, Weiss E. Whole beetroot consumption acutely improves running performance. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2012;112(4):548-52. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Kent GL, Dawson B, McNaughton LR, Cox GR, Burke LM, Peeling P. The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on repeat-sprint performance in hypoxia. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(3):339-46. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Muggeridge DJ, Howe CC, Spendiff O, Pedlar C, James PE, Easton C. The effects of a single dose of concentrated beetroot juice on performance in trained flatwater kayakers. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013;23(5):498-506. Erratum in: Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2013;23(6):642. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Husmann F, Bruhn S, Mittlmeier T, Zschorlich V, Behrens M. Dietary nitrate supplementation improves exercise tolerance by reducing muscle fatigue and perceptual responses. Front Physiol. 2019;10:404. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Todorovic N, Stajer V, Ratgeber L, Betlehem J, Acs P, Maksimovic N, et al. A single-dose nitrate-producing dietary supplement affects cardiorespiratory endurance and muscular fitness in healthy men: A randomized controlled pilot trial. SAGE Open Med. 2021;9:20503121211036119. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Bond V Jr, Curry BH, Adams RG, Millis RM, Haddad GE. Cardiorespiratory function associated with dietary nitrate supplementation. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab. 2014;39(2):168-72. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Nybäck L, Glännerud C, Larsson G, Weitzberg E, Shannon OM, McGawley K. Physiological and performance effects of nitrate supplementation during roller-skiing in normoxia and normobaric hypoxia. Nitric Oxide. 2017;70:1-8. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Siervo M, Lara J, Ogbonmwan I, Mathers JC. Inorganic nitrate and beetroot juice supplementation reduces blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Nutr. 2013;143(6):818-26. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Larsen FJ, Ekblom B, Sahlin K, Lundberg JO, Weitzberg E. Effects of dietary nitrate on blood pressure in healthy volunteers. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(26):2792-3. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Bailey SJ, Winyard P, Vanhatalo A, Blackwell JR, Dimenna FJ, Wilkerson DP, et al. Dietary nitrate supplementation reduces the O2 cost of low-intensity exercise and enhances tolerance to high-intensity exercise in humans. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2009;107(4):1144-55. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Gruetter CA, Barry BK, McNamara DB, Gruetter DY, Kadowitz PJ, Ignarro L. Relaxation of bovine coronary artery and activation of coronary arterial guanylate cyclase by nitric oxide, nitroprusside and a carcinogenic nitrosoamine. J Cyclic Nucleotide Res. 1979;5(3):211-24. [PubMed]
- Oboh HA, Obayiuwana OA, Aihie EO, Iyayi JI, Udoh EJ. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) juice inhibits key carbohydrate metabolising enzymes associated with type II diabetes. Nig J Basic Appl Sci. 2020;28(1):1-6. [Crossref]
- Nyström T, Ortsäter H, Huang Z, Zhang F, Larsen FJ, Weitzberg E, et al. Inorganic nitrite stimulates pancreatic islet blood flow and insulin secretion. Free Radic Biol Med. 2012;53(5):1017-23. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Maughan RJ, Burke LM, Dvorak J, Larson-Meyer DE, Peeling P, Phillips SM, et al. IOC consensus statement: dietary supplements and the high-performance athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2018;52(7):439-55. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
.: İşlem Listesi