Temporomandibular eklem düzensizlikleri, temporomandibular eklemde, çiğneme kaslarında ve oral ve maksillofasiyal bölgenin diğer komponentlerinde patolojik ve fonksiyonel olarak değişikliklere sebep olan ve oldukça geniş bir alanı etkileyen klinik bir durumdur. Toplumda oldukça yüksek oranda görülen temporomandibular eklem düzensizlikleri baş-boyun bölgesinde ağrıya sebep olup, hastaların hayat kalitesini düşürmektedir. Bu düzensizlik erken dönemde tedavi edilmediği takdirde ilerlemekte ve temporomandibular eklemde kalıcı hasarlara sebep olabilmektedir. Son yıllarda, modern toplumlarda psikolojik duyarlılıklardaki (stres gibi) artıştan dolayı temporomandibular eklem düzensizlikleri bulunan hastaların sağlık kuruluşlarına başvurusunda artış görülmektedir. Temporomandibular eklem, internal düzensizlikleri temporomandibular eklem düzensizliklerinin en sık karşılaşılaşılan formudur. İnternal düzensizliklerden temporomandibular eklemnin redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanına da sıkça rastlanmaktadır. Bu klinik durumda disk deplase olmuştur, kondil hareketleri kısıtlanmıştır ve etkilenen tarafta ağrı mevcuttur. Redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanı için birçok tedavi yöntemi bildirilmiştir. Bu tedavi yöntemleri konservatif ve cerrahi tedaviler olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmıştır. Redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanı tedavisinde en sık uygulanan konservatif tedavi yöntemleri: hasta eğitimi ve koruyucu tedavi, manuel manipülasyon, splint tedavisi, fizik tedavi ve ilaç tedavisidir. İlk tercih edilen tedavi seçeneği çoğunlukla konservatif tedavilerdir. Konservatif tedaviler ile yanıt alınamayan hastalarda cerrahi tedavi seçenekleri tercih edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanı bulunan hastalarda uygulanabilecek konservatif tedavi metotlarından bahsedilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Redüksiyonsuz disk deplasmanı tedavisinde sunulan tüm tedavi yöntemlerinin ağrıyı azaltmada ve fonksiyonel çene hareketlerinin tekrar kazanılmasında etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: TME; temporomandibular eklem bozuklukları; tedavi protokolleri
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are a group of conditions that cause pathological and functional changes in temporomandibular joint and muscles that control jaw movement. TMJ disorders are common. They cause pain in the head and neck region, and decreases patient quality of life.Temporomandibular joint disorders need to be treated early as they can result in permanent damage to the TMJ if allowed to progress. Greater attention is being given to this group of disorders in modern times, owing to an increase in psychological conditions (i.e., stress). temporomandibular joint internal derangement is the most common form of temporomandibular joint disorders. Temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction is also frequently encountered owing to internal irregularities. With temporomandibular joint disorders, the disc is displaced, condylar movement is restricted, and pain is present on the affected side. Several treatment methods, either conservative or involving surgery, have been reported for disc displacement without reduction. Conservative therapy constitutes the first-line approach and includes patient education and preventive treatment, manual manipulation and splint, physical, and drug therapies. Surgical treatment options are preferred in whom conservative treatment is ineffectual or contraindicated. A review of conservative treatment methods that can be applied to patients with disc displacement without reduction was performed in the current study. All of these were thought to be effective in reducing pain and facilitating functional jaw movement.
Keywords: TMJ; temporomandibular joint disorders; clinical protocols
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