Bilim sahasında gerçekleşen teknolojik gelişmelerin çoğu zaman medikal alanda yansımaları izlenegelmiştir, insan sağlığı yararına kullanılmak amacıyla bu gelişmeler uyarlanmaya çalışılmıştır. Sağlık bilişimi; araştırma, eğitim ve uygulama dâhil olmak üzere, sağlık ve tıbbın tüm alanlarında, bilgisayar ve bilgi biliminin yeni bir alanı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Sağlık bilişiminin sunduğu çözümlerden biri, son yıllarda hayatımıza giren teletıpla birlikte tele-dişhekimliği olmuştur. Tele-dişhekimliği; dental tanı, konsültasyon, tedavi, diş hekimliği bilgisi ve eğitiminin aktarılması ve desteklenmesi amacıyla interaktif ses, video, veri iletişimlerinin, ayrıca depolama ve iletişim teknolojileri dâhil olmak üzere, elektronik bilgi, görüntüleme ve iletişim teknolojilerinin kullanılmasıdır. Tele-dişhekimliği tarafından sağlanan bu iletişim, senkronize ve asenkronize olarak sınıflandırılır. Asenkronize tele-dişhekimliğinde bilgi, daha sonraki analizler için kaydedilip yollanabilir, senkronize tele-dişhekimliğinde ise etkileşim gerçek zamanlıdır. Hasta ile hekimi tanı ve tedavi amacıyla tele-dişhekimliğini kullanarak bir araya getirebilmek için; bilgisayar, mobil telefon, diş hekimliğinin diagnostik cihazları gibi uygun donanımlar, verilerin elde edilmesini, depolanmasını, transferini sağlayacak yazılımlar ve son olarak ağ bağlantısı yeterlidir. Oral diagnoz, protetik diş tedavisi, ortodonti, koruyucu diş hekimliği, periodontal hastalık, endodonti ve ağız cerrahisi gibi branşlarda tele-dişhekimliği başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Ayrıca tele-dişhekimliği, içinde bulunduğumuz koronavirüs hastalığı2019 pandemisi döneminde, uzaktan muayeneyi mümkün kılarak bulaşma riskini düşürebilir. Tele-dişhekimliği, taşradaki hastaların hekime erişimini kolaylaştırarak ağız sağlığına erişim açısından merkezle kırsal bölge arasındaki fırsat eşitsizliğini ortadan kaldırma potansiyeline sahiptir. Bu makale tele-dişhekimliğinin başlangıcını, amacını, yöntemini, uygulanması için gerekenleri, çeşitli disiplinlerde kullanımını, pandemi döneminde yapılmış uygulamaları, kanuni ve etik sorunlarıyla birlikte geleceğini ele almaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Teledişhekimliği; teletıp; tıbbi bilişim
Most of the technological developments in the field of science have often been reflected in the medical field and these developments have been tried to adapt for the benefit of human health. Health informatics is defined as a new area of computer and information science, in all fields of health and medicine, including research, education and practice. One of the solutions offered by health informatics has been teledentistry, along with telemedicine that has entered our lives in recent years. Teledentistry is the use of interactive audio, video, data communications, as well as electronic information, imaging and communication technologies, including storage and communication technologies, in order to transfer and support dental diagnosis, consultation, treatment, dental information and education. This communication, provided by teledentistry, is classified as synchronous and asynchronous. In asynchronous teledentistry, information can be recorded and sent for later analysis, whereas in synchronized teledentistry, the interaction is real-time. In order to bring the patient and the physician together for diagnosis and treatment using teledentistry; appropriate hardware such as computers, mobile phones, diagnostic devices of dentistry, softwares that will provide data acquisition, storage and transfer, finally network connection is sufficient. In disciplines such as oral diagnosis, prosthetic dental treatment, orthodontics, preventive dentistry, periodontal disease, endodontics, and oral surgery, teledentistry is successfully used. In addition, tele-dentistry can reduce the risk of transmission by enabling remote examination during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic which we are in. By facilitating the access of patients to physicians in the remote areas, teledentistry has the potential to eliminate the inequality of opportunity between the city center and the countryside in terms of access to oral health. This article discusses the beginning, purpose and method of teledentistry, requirements for its implementation, its usage in various disciplines, studies which are done during the pandemic, and its future together with legal and ethical problems.
Keywords: Teledentistry; telemedicine; medical informatics
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