Prostata yönelik her türlü invaziv girişimden sonra idrar inkontinansı görülebilmesine rağmen, prostatektomi sonrası inkontinans tanımının üroloji pratiğine girmesi radikal prostatektomi hastalarındaki artışla olmuştur. Prostatektomi sonrası gelişen üriner inkontinans, hastaların hayat kalitesini önemli oranda etkilemektedir. Radikal prostatektomi operasyonlarının sayısı son yıllarda gittikçe artmaktadır ve bu hastaların çoğu sfinkterik yetmezlik, detrusor hipokontraktilitesi sonucunda oluşan öksürme, hapşırma veya eforla gelişen istemsiz stres üriner inkontinansa sahiptirler. Prostatektomi sonrası inkontinansın oranı çalışmaların metodolojisine, operasyon öncesi kontinans durumuna, operasyon öncesi sfinkterin durumuna, cerrahi tekniğe ve cerrahın tecrübesine bağlıdır. Prostatektomi sonrası inkontinansın tedavisinde konservatif yaklaşım, farmakoterapi ve cerrahi tedavi olarak üç farklı yaklaşım bulunmaktadır. Hastaların çoğunda aşırı aktif mesaneyi tedavi edebilmek amacıyla, pelvik taban egzersizi veya biofeedbackin de dâhil edildiği konservatif yaklaşım ile tedaviye başlanmaktadır. Seçilmiş hastalarda medikal tedavi ve transüretral dolgu madde enjeksiyonu stres inkontinans tedavisinde fayda sağlamaktadır, ancak artifisyel üriner sfinkter ve erkek slingleri yüksek başarı oranları ile en etkin tedavi seçenekler arasında yer almaktadır. Artifisyel üriner sfinkter implantasyonu, prostatektomi cerrahisi sonrası oluşan stres inkontinansın tedavisinde altın standarttır, fakat son yıllarda yeni cihazlar da geliştirilmiştir. Bugüne kadar tek bir spesifik cerrahi tekniğin sonuçlarını araştıran veya farklı cerrahi tekniklerin sonuçlarını karşılaştıran randomize kontrollü bir çalışma bulunmamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli mevcut ve yeni tedavi modalitelerinin etkinlik ve güvenirlilik açısından değerlendirip sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prostatektomi; üriner inkontinans; rekonstrüktif cerrahi prosedürleri
Although the urinary incontinence may be seen after any kind of prostatic operation, postprostatectomy incontinence has entered to urological armamentarium only after the rise at the radical prostatectomy patients. Urinary incontinence has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patients who undergo prostatectomy. With the increasing number of radical prostatectomies performed in the last decade and most patients have stress urinary incontinence with sphincteric incompetence and detrusor hypocontractility implicating their development, which occured involuntary urinary leakage on effort or exertion, or on sneezing or coughing. Post-prostatectomy incontinence rates seem to depend on several factors including the methodology of the trials, preoperative continence status, preoperative sphincter status, surgical technique and the experience of the surgeon. The treatment of post-prostatectomy incontinence consists of three different approaches: conservative management, pharmacotherapy, and surgical treatment. In many cases, treatment begins with conservative approaches, including pelvic floor muscle training or biofeedback can be used to treat overactive bladder. For stress incontinence, pharmacotherapy and transurethral bulking agents are utilized in select patients; however, artificial urinary sphincter and male slings are the most efficacious options with good success rates. The implantation of artificial urinary sphincter is the gold standard to treat post-prostatectomy stress incontinence, but new devices have recently been developed. To date, there is no randomized controlled trial investigating the outcome of one specific surgical treatment or comparing the outcome of different surgical treatment options. In this review, the various current and new treatment modalities are critically discussed with special emphasis on safety and efficacy.
Keywords: Prostatectomy; urinary incontinence; reconstructive surgical procedures
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