Amaç: Yenidoğan yoğun bakım ünitesinde izlenen olgularda prematüre retinopatisi [retiopathy of prematurity (ROP)] görülme sıklığını, risk faktörlerini ve tedavi sonuçlarını değerlendirmektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Ocak 2015-Nisan 2017 tarihleri arasında yoğun bakım ünitesinde yatarak tedavi gören 128 hasta retrospektif olarak değerlendirildi. Herhangi bir evre ROP tespit edilmeyen ve edilenler olmak üzere iki gruba ayrıldı. Hastalar 25 farklı neonatal risk faktörü açısından tarandı. Niceliksel verilerin analizinde Mann-Whitney U, niteliksel verilerde ki-kare test kullanıldı. Etki düzeyleri binary lojistik regresyon analizi ile araştırıldı. Bulgular: Toplamda (n=128) ROP oranı %35,2 bulundu. Bu oran 28 hafta ve altında %67,6, 29 ile 32 hafta arasında %35,4 ve 33 hafta üzerinde %5,7 bulundu. ROP, 1.000 g altındaki olgular için %78,9, 1.000-1.500 g arasında %42,5, 1.500 g üzerinde %12,7 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Doğum haftası ve kilosu ile ROP sıklığı ters orantılıydı. Serbest oksijen uygulanan gün sayısı, nazal sürekli pozitif hava yolu basıncı [continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)] ve entübasyon uygulama gün sayısı ROP riskini arttırmaktaydı (her biri p=0,000). Son ikisi bağımsız risk faktörü olarak bulunmuştur (sırasıyla odds=1,223 ve 1,408). Pnömotoraks, BPD ve RDS varlığı riski arttırmakta (sırasıyla p=0,050, p=0,000, p=0,002), surfaktan uygulaması (odds=0,038) bağımsız risk faktörü olarak görülmektedir. Transfüzyon sayısı (p=0,000), resüsitasyon (p=0,013), 1. ve 5. dakika APGAR skoru (sırasıyla p=0,001, p=0,000) uzamış TPN (p=0,000, İKK (p=0,000), kafein kullanımı (p=0,037), sepsis (p=0,002) ve fenobarbital (p=0,003) ROP hastalığı ile ilişkili bulunmuştur. Anemi (p=0,060), çoğul gebelik (p=0,191), fototerapi (p=0,263), hipotansiyon (p=0,577), inotropik kullanımı (p=0,620), hipoglisemi (p=0,905), hipotiroidi (p=0,947), NEK (p=0,661) ve PDA (p=0,150) ROP ile ilişkili bulunmamıştır. Tedavide 12 olguya diod lazer fotokoagülasyon, 8 hastaya intavitreal enjeksiyon,2 olguya kombine tedavi uygulandı. Komplikasyon izlenmedi. Sonuç: ROP gelişiminde doğum hafta ve kilosu ile birlikte entübasyon ve nazal CPAP süresi ile sürfaktan uygulaması en önemli risk faktörleridir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Prematüre retinopatisi; risk faktörleri; epidemiyoloji; oksijen solunum tedavisi; sürekli pozitif havayolu basıncı; entübasyon intratrakeal; pulmoner sürfaktanlar
Objective: To evaluate the incidence, risk factors and outcomes of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in neonatal intensive care unit. Material and Methods: Cases (n=128) who were hospitalized in neonatal intensive care unit were evaluated by retrospective method between January 2015-April 2017. The cases were divided into two groups: Those with and without ROP. Cases were screened for 25 different neonatal risk factors. For analysis Mann- Whitney U test and chi-square test were used. The effect levels were investigated by binary logistic regression analysis. The results of the treated group were evaluated. Results: Different oxygen therapy modalities(free oxygen, nasal-continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and intubation] increased the risk of ROP (p=0.000 for each). The last two of them were found to be independent risk factors (odds= 1.223 and 1.408, respectively). Pneumothorax, BPD and RDS increased the risk (p=0.050, p=0.000, p=0.002, respectively). Surfactant (odds=0.038) observed as an independent risk factor. Transfusion (p=0.000), resuscitation (p=0.013), APGAR 1st and 5th minute scores (p=0.001, p=0.000, respectively), prolonged TPN (p=0.000), ICH (p=0.000), caffeine therapy (p=0.037), sepsis (p=0.002) and phenobarbital (p=0.003) were associated with ROP. Anemia (p=0.060), multiple pregnancy (p=0.191), phototherapy (p=0.263), hypotension (p=0.577), inotropic use (p=0.620), hypoglycemia (p=0.905), hypothyroidism (p=0.947), NEC (p=0.661) and PDA (p=0.150) were not associated with ROP. Diode laser photocoagulation was performed in 12 cases, intravitreal injection in 8 cases, and combined treatment in 2 cases. No complications were observed. Conclusion: The most important risk factors in the development of ROP are duration of intubation and nasal cpap and surfactant therapy together with gestational week and weight.
Keywords: Retinopathy of prematurity; risk factors; epidemiology; oxygen inhalation therapy; continuous positive airway pressure; intubation intratracheal; pulmonary surfactants
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