Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and stent thrombosis in patients with coronary stents. Material and Methods: This was a retrospective study conducted between January 2021 and December 2022. The study included patients with existing coronary stents who underwent coronary angiography for suspicion of stent thrombosis. A broad range of clinical data, including COVID-19 related data (disease history, number and brand of COVID19 vaccinations), laboratory findings, follow-up time, and mortality data were obtained retrospectively. The endpoints of the study were coronary stent thrombosis and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 969 patients were included in the study. Stent thrombosis was present in 538 patients (55.52%), who were significantly younger and had a higher proportion of males compared to those without stent thrombosis. Multivariable logistic regression revealed active smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coronary artery bypass graft+stent history as being independently associated with higher risk for stent thrombosis. Whereas, anticoagulant use and receiving 4 or more vaccine doses were independently associated with lower likelihood of stent thrombosis. Diabetes mellitus, previous cerebrovascular disease, high urea, and stent thrombosis were independently associated with mortality; whereas hyperlipidemia and receiving the BioNTech vaccine were independently associated with lower risk for mortality. Conclusion: Receiving multiple COVID-19 vaccine doses (regardless of type) may reduce the likelihood of stent thrombosis, possibly by protecting against COVID-19. However, more research is needed to understand the potential pathophysiological links between COVID-19 vaccination and coronary stent thrombosis.
Keywords: Coronavirus disease-2019; vaccines; coronary artery disease; stent thrombosis
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, koroner stentli hastalarda koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] aşılaması ile stent trombozu arasındaki ilişkiyi araştırmaktır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Bu çalışma, Ocak 2021 ile Aralık 2022 tarihleri arasında yürütülen retrospektif bir çalışmadır. Çalışmaya, stent trombozu şüphesiyle koroner anjiyografi yapılan mevcut koroner stentli hastalar dâhil edildi. COVID-19 ile ilgili veriler (hastalık öyküsü, COVID-19 aşılarının sayısı ve markası), laboratuvar bulguları, takip süresi ve mortalite verileri dâhil olmak üzere geniş bir klinik veri retrospektif olarak elde edildi. Çalışmanın sonlanım noktaları, koroner stent trombozu ve tüm nedenlere bağlı mortalite idi. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 969 hasta dâhil edildi. Stent trombozu 538 hastada (%55,52) mevcuttu ve bu hastalar stent trombozu olmayanlara kıyasla anlamlı derecede daha gençti ve erkek oranı daha yüksekti. Çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon aktif sigara kullanımı, hipertansiyon, diyabetes mellitus ve koroner arter bypass greft+stent öyküsünün stent trombozu için daha yüksek risk ile bağımsız olarak ilişkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Antikoagülan kullanımı ve 4 veya daha fazla aşı dozu alınması ise stent trombozu olasılığının daha düşük olmasıyla bağımsız olarak ilişkilendirilmiştir. Diyabetes mellitus, geçirilmiş serebrovasküler hastalık, yüksek üre ve stent trombozu bağımsız olarak mortalite ile ilişkiliyken; hiperlipidemi ve BioNTech aşısı olmak bağımsız olarak daha düşük mortalite riski ile ilişkiliydi. Sonuç: Birden fazla COVID-19 aşısı dozu almak (tipine bakılmaksızın), muhtemelen COVID-19'a karşı koruma sağlayarak stent trombozu olasılığını azaltabilir. Bununla birlikte, COVID-19 aşılaması ile koroner stent trombozu arasındaki potansiyel patofizyolojik bağlantıları anlamak için daha fazla araştırmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Koronavirüs hastalığı-2019; aşılar; koroner arter hastalığı; stent trombozu
- Skorupski WJ, Grygier M, Lesiak M, Kałużna-Oleksy M. Coronary stent thrombosis in COVID-19 patients: a systematic review of cases reported worldwide. Viruses. 2022;14(2):260. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Choudhary R, Kaushik A, Sharma JB. COVID-19 pandemic and stent thrombosis in a post percutaneous coronary intervention patient-a case report highlighting the selection of P2Y12 inhibitor. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2020;10(4):898-901. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ullrich H, Münzel T, Gori T. Coronary stent thrombosis- predictors and prevention. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2020;117(18):320-6. [PubMed] [PMC]
- Modi K, Soos MP, Mahajan K. Stent thrombosis. 2023 Jul 25. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2025. [PubMed]
- El-Medany A, Kandoole V, Lonsdale N, Doolub G, Felekos I. In-stent thrombosis and COVID-19 infection: current insights on the mechanistic relationship. Curr Cardiol Rev. 2023;19(1):e120522204669. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Antuña P, Rivero F, Del Val D, Cuesta J, Alfonso F. Late coronary stent thrombosis in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Cardiol. 2020;5(10):1195-8. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Montaseri M, Golchin Vafa R, Attar A, Ali Hosseini S, Kojuri J. Stent thrombosis during COVID-19 pandemic: A case series. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(5):e05872. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- World Health Organization [Internet]. WHO COVID-19 dashboard. ©2024 WHO [Cited: Aug 24, 2024] Available from: [Link]
- Abrignani MG, Murrone A, De Luca L, Roncon L, Di Lenarda A, Valente S, et al, on behalf of the working group on anti-covid-vaccination of the associazione nazionale medici cardiologi ospedalieri anmco. COVID-19, vaccines, and thrombotic events: a narrative review. J Clin Med. 2022;11(4):948. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yalcinkaya A, Cavalli M, Cederholm A, Aranda-Guillén M, Behere A, Mildner H, et al. No link between type I interferon autoantibody positivity and adverse reactions to COVID-19 vaccines. NPJ Vaccines. 2024;9(1):42. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Mercadé-Besora N, Li X, Kolde R, Trinh NT, Sanchez-Santos MT, Man WY, et al. The role of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing post-COVID-19 thromboembolic and cardiovascular complications. Heart. 2024;110(9):635-43. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Levey AS, Stevens LA, Schmid CH, Zhang YL, Castro AF 3rd, Feldman HI, et al; CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration). A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate. Ann Intern Med. 2009;150(9):604-12. Erratum in: Ann Intern Med. 2011;155(6):408. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Garcia-Garcia HM, McFadden EP, Farb A, Mehran R, Stone GW, Spertus J, et al; Academic Research Consortium. Standardized end point definitions for coronary intervention trials: The Academic Research Consortium-2 Consensus Document. Circulation. 2018;137(24):2635-50. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Khan R, Zarak MS, Munir U, Ahmed K, Ullah A. Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) risk score assessment for complications in acute anterior wall ST elevation myocardial infarction. Cureus. 2020;12(6):e8646. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Oduncu V, Erkol A, Tanboğa İH, Kırma C. Late bare metal stent thrombosis. Türk Kardiyoloji Derneği Arşivi. 2010;38(6):422-5. [Link]
- Voicu S, Ketfi C, Stépanian A, Chousterman BG, Mohamedi N, Siguret V, et al. Pathophysiological processes underlying the high prevalence of deep vein thrombosis in critically Ill COVID-19 patients. Front Physiol. 2021;11:608788. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- European Medicines Agency [Internet]. COVID-19 vaccine safety update. [Cited: August 25, 2024]. Vaxzevria. Available from: [Link]
- Shay DK, Gee J, Su JR, Myers TR, Marquez P, Liu R, Zhang et al. Safety monitoring of the Janssen (Johnson & Johnson) COVID-19 vaccine - United States, March-April 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2021;70(18):680-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- European Medicines Agency [Internet]. Signal assessment report on embolic and thrombotic events (SMQ) with COVID-19 vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [Recombinant]) Vaxzevria (Previously COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca) (Other viral vaccines). [Cited: August 25, 2024]. Available from: [Link]
- Curcio R, Gandolfo V, Alcidi R, Giacomino L, Campanella T, Casarola G, et al. Vaccine-induced massive pulmonary embolism and thrombocytopenia following a single dose of Janssen Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. Int J Infect Dis. 2022;116:154-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Yalcinkaya A, Cavalli M, Aranda-Guillén M, Cederholm A, Güner A, Rietrae I, et al. Autoantibodies to protein S may explain rare cases of coagulopathy following COVID-19 vaccination. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):24512. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ab Rahman N, Lim MT, Lee FY, Wo WK, Yeoh HS, Peariasamy KM, et al; SAFECOVAC Study Group. Thrombocytopenia and venous thromboembolic events after BNT162b2, CoronaVac, ChAdOx1 vaccines and SARS-CoV-2 infection: a self-controlled case series study. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):20471. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Schulz JB, Berlit P, Diener HC, Gerloff C, Greinacher A, Klein C, et al; German society of neurology SARS-CoV-2 vaccination study group. COVID-19 vaccine-associated cerebral venous thrombosis in Germany. Ann Neurol. 2021;90(4):627-39. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Iba T, Levy JH. The roles of platelets in COVID-19-associated coagulopathy and vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2022;32(1):1-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Tsilingiris D, Vallianou NG, Karampela I, Dalamaga M. Vaccine induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia: the shady chapter of a success story. Metabol Open. 2021;11:100101. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Greinacher A, Thiele T, Warkentin TE, Weisser K, Kyrle PA, Eichinger S. Thrombotic thrombocytopenia after ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination. N Engl J Med. 2021;384(22):2092-101. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Ishihara T, Okada K, Kida H, Tsujimura T, Iida O, Okuno S, et al; OCVC Long ST Registry Investigators?. Long-term outcomes and clinical predictors of mortality following occurrence of stent thrombosis. J Am Heart Assoc. 2022;11(7):e023276. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Byrne RA, Joner M, Kastrati A. Stent thrombosis and restenosis: what have we learned and where are we going? The Andreas Grüntzig Lecture ESC 2014. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(47):3320-31. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
.: İşlem Listesi