Objective: With the emergence of the pandemic, many studies have been conducted to measure the psychological and mental well-being of nurses. However, coronaphobia and the perception of compassion in nurses and related factors, is unknown. The purpose of the study is to examine the perception of coronaphobia, compassion and the associated factors affecting these concepts in nurses during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. Material and Methods: This study was conducted as cross-sectional research design. The study sample included nurses working at a hospital in Türkiye between August and November 2020. A Personal Information Form, the Compassion Scale and the COVID-19 Phobia Scale were used for data collection. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were used to examine the determinants and the influencing factors. Results: A total of 152 nurses participated in the study. Gender, family structure, desire to work as a nurse in the clinic and having a chronic disease were found to be associated with coronaphobia. Working in COVID-19 clinics, family structure, and a desire to work in the nursing profession were found to be related to compassion. In addition, a positive correlation was found between coronaphobia and compassion. Conclusion: This study showed the levels of coronaphobia and compassion in nurses, and the relation between these concepts and the factors affecting them. It is recommended that accurate and regular information updates, and that psychological support be given to nurses to reduce the phobia and to increase the compassion.
Keywords: Compassion; COVID-19 phobia; COVID-19; nurses; pandemic
Amaç: Pandeminin ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte hemşirelerin psikolojik ve zihinsel iyilik hâllerini ölçmek için birçok çalışma yapılmıştır. Ancak hemşirelerde koronafobi, şefkat algısı ve bu kavramlarla ilişkili faktörler bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, koronavirüs hastalığı-2019 [coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19)] salgını sırasında hemşirelerde; koronafobi, şefkat algısı ve bu kavramları etkileyen ilişkili faktörleri incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmada, kesitsel bir araştırma tasarımı kullanıldı. Araştırmanın örneklemini Türkiye'de Ağustos-Kasım 2020 tarihleri arasında bir hastanede çalışan hemşireler oluşturdu. Verilerin toplanmasında; Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Merhamet Ölçeği ve COVID-19 Fobi Ölçeği kullanıldı. Belirleyicileri ve etkileyen faktörleri incelemek için tek değişkenli ve çok değişkenli regresyon analizleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya toplam 152 hemşire katıldı. Cinsiyet, aile yapısı, klinikte hemşire olarak çalışma isteği ve kronik bir hastalığın olması koronafobi kavramı ile ilişkili bulundu. COVID-19 kliniklerinde çalışma, aile yapısı ve hemşirelik mesleğini yapma isteği şefkat kavramı ile ilişkili bulundu. Ayrıca koronafobi ile şefkat arasında pozitif bir ilişki olduğu saptandı. Sonuç: Bu çalışma, hemşirelerde koronafobi ve şefkat düzeylerini, bu kavramlar arasındaki ilişkiyi ve bu kavramları etkileyen faktörleri ortaya koymuştur. Hemşirelerde koronafobiyi azaltmak ve şefkat düzeylerini artırmak için doğru ve düzenli bilgi güncellemeleri yapılması, psikolojik destek verilmesi önerilmektedir.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Şefkat; COVID-19 fobisi; COVID-19; hemşireler; pandemi
- Rothan HA, Byrareddy SN. The epidemiology and pathogenesis of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. J Autoimmun. 2020; 109:102433. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Jackson D, Bradbury-Jones C, Baptiste D, Gelling L, Morin K, Neville S, et al. Life in the pandemic: Some reflections on nursing in the context of COVID-19. J Clin Nurs. 2020 Jul;29(13-14):2041-3. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Chen Q, Liang M, Li Y, Guo J, Fei D, Wang L, et al. Mental health care for medical staff in China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(4):e15-e16. Erratum in: Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7(5):e27. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Pappa S, Ntella V, Giannakas T, Giannakoulis VG, Papoutsi E, Katsaounou P. Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain Behav Immun. 2020;88:901-7. Erratum in: Brain Behav Immun. 2021;92:247. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. The potential for COVID-19 to contribute to compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. J Clin Nurs. 2020;29(15-16):2762-4. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Labrague LJ, De Los Santos JAA. Prevalence and predictors of coronaphobia among frontline hospital and public health nurses. Public Health Nurs. 2021;38(3):382-9. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- The American Psychological Association [Internet]. © 2021 American Psychiatric Association What Are Anxiety Disorders? Available from: [Link]
- Arpaci I, Karatas K, Baloglu M, Haktanir A. COVID-19 phobia in the united states: validation of the COVID-19 phobia scale (C19P-SE). Death Stud. 2021:1-7. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Asmundson GJG, Taylor S. Coronaphobia: fear and the 2019-nCoV outbreak. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;70:102196. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Arpaci I, Karataş K, Baloğlu M. The development and initial tests for the psychometric properties of the COVID-19 phobia scale (C19P-S). Pers Individ Dif. 2020;164:110108. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lee SA, Jobe MC, Mathis AA, Gibbons JA. Incremental validity of coronaphobia: Coronavirus anxiety explains depression, gene ralized anxiety, and death anxiety. J Anxiety Disord. 2020;74:102268. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Lee SA, Mathis AA, Jobe MC, Pappalardo EA. Clinically significant fear and anxiety of COVID-19: A psychometric examination of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. Psychiatry Res. 2020;290:113112. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Alharbi J, Jackson D, Usher K. Compassion fatigue in critical care nurses. An integrative review of the literature. Saudi Med J. 2019;40(11):1087-97. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Durkin J, Jackson D, Usher K. The expression and receipt of compassion through touch in a health setting; a qualitative study. J Adv Nurs. 2021;77(4):1980-91. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Perez-Bret E, Altisent R, Rocafort J. Definition of compassion in healthcare: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Palliative Nursing. 2016;22(12):599-606. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Watson J. Nursing: the Philosophy and Science of Caring. Revised ed. Boulder, Colo: University Press of Colorado; 2008. p.5-11. [Link]
- Blomberg K, Griffiths P, Wengström Y, May C, Bridges J. Interventions for compassionate nursing care: A systematic review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2016;62:137-55. Erratum in: Int J Nurs Stud. 2018;83:104-5. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Akdeniz S, Deniz M. Merhamet Ölçeği'nin Türkçeye uyarlanması: Geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması [The Turkish adaptation of the Compassion Scale: A validity and reliability study]. 2016;4(1):50-61. [Link]
- Prinsen CAC, Mokkink LB, Bouter LM, Alonso J, Patrick DL, de Vet HCW, et al. COSMIN guideline for systematic reviews of patient-reported outcome measures. Qual Life Res. 2018;27(5):1147-57. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, Gøtzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP; STROBE Initiative. The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2008; 61(4):344-9. [Crossref] [PubMed]
- Akat M, Karataş K. Psychological Effects of COVID-19 Pandemic on Society and Its Reflections on Education. 2020;15:1-13. [Crossref]
- Alyami M, Henning M, Krägeloh CU, Alyami H. Psychometric evaluation of the arabic version of the fear of COVID-19 scale. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2020:1-14. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Moghanibashi-Mansourieh A. Assessing the anxiety level of Iranian general population during COVID-19 outbreak. Asian J Psychiatr. 2020;51:102076. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Hu D, Kong Y, Li W, Han Q, Zhang X, Zhu LX, et al. Frontline nurses' burnout, anxiety, depression, and fear statuses and their associated factors during the COVID-19 outbreak in Wuhan, China: A large-scale cross-sectional study. EClinicalMedicine. 2020;24:100424. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Arpacı I, Alshehabi S, Al-Emran M, Khasawneh M, Mahariq I, Abdeljawad T, et al. Analysis of twitter data using evolutionary clustering during the COVID-19 pandemic. Computers, Materials & Continua. 2020;65(1):193-204. [Crossref]
- Karasu F, Çopur Öztürk E. COVID-19 vakaları artarken salgının ön safındaki bir yoğun bakım hemşiresi: "Cephede Duran Kahramanlar" olgu sunumu [An Intensive care nurse in the forefront of the epidemic while increasing cases of COVID-19: "Heroes in Front-Line"]. Yoğun Bakım Hemşireliği Dergisi. 2020;24(1): 11-4. [Link]
- Labrague LJ, de Los Santos JAA. Fear of COVID-19, psychological distress, work satisfaction and turnover intention among frontline nurses. J Nurs Manag. 2021; 29(3): 395-403. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Tayyib NA, Alsolami FJ. Measuring the extent of stress and fear among Registered Nurses in KSA during the COVID-19 Outbreak. J Taibah Univ Med Sci. 2020;15(5):410-6. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Karadag Arli S, Bakan AB. An investigation of the relationship between intercultural sensitivity and compassion in nurses. International Journal of Intercultural Relations. 2018;63:38-42. [Crossref]
- Arkan B, Yılmaz D, Düzgün F. Determination of compassion levels of nurses working at a university hospital. J Relig Health. 2020; 59(1):29-39. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Wilkinson H, Whittington R, Perry L, Eames C. Examining the relationship between burnout and empathy in healthcare professionals: A systematic review. Burn Res. 2017; 6:18-29. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Nurses' burnout and associated risk factors during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. med Rxiv. 2020. [Crossref]
- Wu Y, Wang J, Luo C, Hu S, Lin X, Anderson AE, et al. A comparison of burnout frequency among oncology physicians and nurses working on the frontline and usual wards during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhan, China. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2020;60(1):e60-e5. [Crossref] [PubMed] [PMC]
- Neff KD. The development and validation of a scale to measure self-compassion. Self and Identity. 2003;2(3):223-50. [Crossref]
.: İşlem Listesi