Pelvik taban kasları (PTK), simfizis pubisten koksikse doğru genişleyen, çok katlı bir kas tabakasıdır. Pelvis içindeki pozisyonu bir trambolin gibi düşünülen bu yapı, pelvik açıklıklara (üretra, vajina ve anüs) yapısal destek verir. Ayrıca işeme, dışkılama, seksüel fonksiyon ve pelvik organların desteklenmesinden de sorumludur. Pelvik taban kaslarının ön, orta veya arka kompartmanlarının herhangi birinde meydana gelen bir patoloji; alt üriner sistem semptomları, bağırsak semptomları, prolapsus, seksüel fonksiyon ve ağrı ile ilişkili olan pelvik taban disfonksiyonuna (PTD) neden olmaktadır. PTD özellikle kadınları etkilemekte ve zaman içerisinde kasın yeniden eğitimini gerektirmektedir. PTD tedavi seçenekleri arasında cerrahi, medikal ve fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları yer almaktadır. Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyonun amacı semptomları azaltmak, progresyonu önlemek, cerrahiyi önlemek ya da geciktirmek ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmaktır. Bu amaçlara ulaşmak için PTD tedavisinde uygulanan fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları pelvik taban kas eğitimini (PTKE) içermektedir. PTKE; biofeedback, vajinal kon, foley kateter, tampon, üç boyutlu real time ultrasound ve sanal gerçeklik eğitimi ile birlikte uygulanabilir. Bu derleme, pelvik taban disfonksiyonunda; pelvik taban kas eğitimini ve bu eğitimde kullanılan yöntemleri tartışmaktadır. Ayrıca son dönemlerde oldukça popüler olan sanal gerçekliğin pelvik taban kas eğitimde uygulanabilirliğini ve avantajlarını vurgulamaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Sanal gerçeklik; pelvik taban; kadın sağlığı
Pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) are a layered muscle layer that expands symphysis pubis to coccyx. This structure, which is thought to be a tombolin in the pelvis, provides structural support to the pelvic openings (urethra, vagina and anus). It is also responsible for voiding, defecation, sexual functioning and supporting pelvic organs. A pathology that occurs in any of the anterior, middle, or posterior compartments of the pelvic floor muscles that cause pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) associated with lower urinary tract symptoms, intestinal symptoms, prolapse, sexual function and pain. PFD is particularly affecting women and that require muscle re-education. Treatment options for PFD include surgery, medical and physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation are aimed at reducing symptoms, preventing progression, preventing or delaying surgery and improving quality of life. Physiotherapy and rehabilitation approaches for PTD include pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT). PFMT can be applied with biofeedback, vaginal cone, foley catheter, tampon, three-dimensional real time ultrasound and virtual reality training. This review suggests that in pelvic floor dysfunction; pelvic floor muscle training and methods used in this training. It also emphasizes the applicability and advantageous aspects of pelvic floor muscle training in the virtual reality, which has recently become quite popular.
Keywords: Virtual reality; pelvic floor; women's health
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